Modelling the Dissolved Inorganic Carbon System in the Baltic Sea
Oceans are capable of storing part of the emitted anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) due to the formation of carbonic acid and subsequent dissociation. CO2 is also assimilated by biota and the inorganic carbon system is thus coupled to biogeochemical processes. Naturally, it is a substantial improve...
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ftunivgoeteborg:oai:gupea.ub.gu.se:2077/33736 2023-10-29T02:35:38+01:00 Modelling the Dissolved Inorganic Carbon System in the Baltic Sea Edman, Moa 2013-10-04 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2077/33736 eng eng A 149 I. Omstedt, A., M. Edman, L. G. Anderson, and H., Laudon (2010). Factors influencing the acid-base (pH) balance in the Baltic Sea: A sensitivity analysis. Tellus, 62B, 280-295. ::doi::10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00463.x II. Edman, M., and A. Omstedt (2013). Modeling the dissolved CO2 system in the redox environment of the Baltic Sea. Limnol. Oceanogr., 58(1), 74–92. ::doi::10.4319/lo.2013.58.1.0074 III. Omstedt, A., M. Edman, B. Claremar, P. Frodin, E. Gustafsson, C. Humborg, H. Hägg, M. Mörth, A. Rutgersson, G. Schurgers, B. Smith, T. Wällstedt, and A. Yurova (2012). Future changes in the Baltic Sea acid-base (pH) and oxygen balances. Tellus, 64B, 1-23. ::doi::10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.19586 IV. Edman, M., and L. G. Anderson (2013). Effect on pCO2 by phytoplankton uptake of dissolved organic nutrients in the central and northern Baltic Sea, a model study. Submitted to Journal of Marine Systems. 978-91-628-8742-1 1400-3813 http://hdl.handle.net/2077/33736 Baltic Sea Kattegat pH pCO2 total alkalinity biogeochemistry dissolved inorganic carbon eutrophication acidification climate change numerical modelling Text Doctoral thesis Doctor of Philosophy 2013 ftunivgoeteborg 2023-10-04T21:10:24Z Oceans are capable of storing part of the emitted anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) due to the formation of carbonic acid and subsequent dissociation. CO2 is also assimilated by biota and the inorganic carbon system is thus coupled to biogeochemical processes. Naturally, it is a substantial improvement of model realism if the inorganic carbon system is fully coupled to biogeochemistry in numerical models. The focus of this thesis has been to improve the accuracy of pH and the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) computations for a marine environment like the Baltic Sea, but the knowledge we have gained is generally applicable. A model system has been developed to consider several environmental threats simultaneously (eutrophication, acidification, and climate change) and the model skill has been certified by using objective skill metrics. To improve the coupling between biogeochemical processes and the dissolved inorganic carbon system, generation and depletion of total alkalinity (AT) due to several biogeochemical reactions was added to the model. In situ generation of AT was found to be important, specifically in regions with permanent or periodic anoxia, as the major AT changes were coupled to oxidation–reduction (redox) reactions. Without adding AT from these processes, the correct pH could not be calculated in anoxic waters and the mean volume AT content was found to be too low. The improvements were put to use when several environmental threats were evaluated simultaneously in a study of possible future changes in the Baltic Sea pH and oxygen balances. A coupled model for the catchment and sea was set up and forced by meteorological and hydrological datasets and scenarios. The results showed that increased nutrient loads will not inhibit future Baltic Sea acidification, but the seasonal pH cycle will be amplified by increased biological production and mineralization. The study indicated future acidification of the whole Baltic Sea and that the main factor controlling the direction and magnitude of the change ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Carbonic acid University of Gothenburg: GUPEA (Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Gothenburg: GUPEA (Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivgoeteborg |
language |
English |
topic |
Baltic Sea Kattegat pH pCO2 total alkalinity biogeochemistry dissolved inorganic carbon eutrophication acidification climate change numerical modelling |
spellingShingle |
Baltic Sea Kattegat pH pCO2 total alkalinity biogeochemistry dissolved inorganic carbon eutrophication acidification climate change numerical modelling Edman, Moa Modelling the Dissolved Inorganic Carbon System in the Baltic Sea |
topic_facet |
Baltic Sea Kattegat pH pCO2 total alkalinity biogeochemistry dissolved inorganic carbon eutrophication acidification climate change numerical modelling |
description |
Oceans are capable of storing part of the emitted anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) due to the formation of carbonic acid and subsequent dissociation. CO2 is also assimilated by biota and the inorganic carbon system is thus coupled to biogeochemical processes. Naturally, it is a substantial improvement of model realism if the inorganic carbon system is fully coupled to biogeochemistry in numerical models. The focus of this thesis has been to improve the accuracy of pH and the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) computations for a marine environment like the Baltic Sea, but the knowledge we have gained is generally applicable. A model system has been developed to consider several environmental threats simultaneously (eutrophication, acidification, and climate change) and the model skill has been certified by using objective skill metrics. To improve the coupling between biogeochemical processes and the dissolved inorganic carbon system, generation and depletion of total alkalinity (AT) due to several biogeochemical reactions was added to the model. In situ generation of AT was found to be important, specifically in regions with permanent or periodic anoxia, as the major AT changes were coupled to oxidation–reduction (redox) reactions. Without adding AT from these processes, the correct pH could not be calculated in anoxic waters and the mean volume AT content was found to be too low. The improvements were put to use when several environmental threats were evaluated simultaneously in a study of possible future changes in the Baltic Sea pH and oxygen balances. A coupled model for the catchment and sea was set up and forced by meteorological and hydrological datasets and scenarios. The results showed that increased nutrient loads will not inhibit future Baltic Sea acidification, but the seasonal pH cycle will be amplified by increased biological production and mineralization. The study indicated future acidification of the whole Baltic Sea and that the main factor controlling the direction and magnitude of the change ... |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Edman, Moa |
author_facet |
Edman, Moa |
author_sort |
Edman, Moa |
title |
Modelling the Dissolved Inorganic Carbon System in the Baltic Sea |
title_short |
Modelling the Dissolved Inorganic Carbon System in the Baltic Sea |
title_full |
Modelling the Dissolved Inorganic Carbon System in the Baltic Sea |
title_fullStr |
Modelling the Dissolved Inorganic Carbon System in the Baltic Sea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modelling the Dissolved Inorganic Carbon System in the Baltic Sea |
title_sort |
modelling the dissolved inorganic carbon system in the baltic sea |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2077/33736 |
genre |
Carbonic acid |
genre_facet |
Carbonic acid |
op_relation |
A 149 I. Omstedt, A., M. Edman, L. G. Anderson, and H., Laudon (2010). Factors influencing the acid-base (pH) balance in the Baltic Sea: A sensitivity analysis. Tellus, 62B, 280-295. ::doi::10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00463.x II. Edman, M., and A. Omstedt (2013). Modeling the dissolved CO2 system in the redox environment of the Baltic Sea. Limnol. Oceanogr., 58(1), 74–92. ::doi::10.4319/lo.2013.58.1.0074 III. Omstedt, A., M. Edman, B. Claremar, P. Frodin, E. Gustafsson, C. Humborg, H. Hägg, M. Mörth, A. Rutgersson, G. Schurgers, B. Smith, T. Wällstedt, and A. Yurova (2012). Future changes in the Baltic Sea acid-base (pH) and oxygen balances. Tellus, 64B, 1-23. ::doi::10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.19586 IV. Edman, M., and L. G. Anderson (2013). Effect on pCO2 by phytoplankton uptake of dissolved organic nutrients in the central and northern Baltic Sea, a model study. Submitted to Journal of Marine Systems. 978-91-628-8742-1 1400-3813 http://hdl.handle.net/2077/33736 |
_version_ |
1781058978693775360 |