Formation and Distribution of Marine Biogenic Halocarbons with Emphasis on Polar Regions
It is well-established that marine micro- and macroalgae form volatile halogenated compounds (halocarbons). Production occurs throughout the world ocean with strong regional sources in coastal areas. In the atmosphere, these compounds are converted to reactive inorganic halogen compounds, which degr...
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ftunivgoeteborg:oai:gupea.ub.gu.se:2077/30345 2023-10-29T02:32:54+01:00 Formation and Distribution of Marine Biogenic Halocarbons with Emphasis on Polar Regions Karlsson, Anders 2012-10-19 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2077/30345 eng eng Karlsson, A., Auer, N., Schulz-Bull, D. and Abrahamsson, K. (2008), Cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic - A source of halocarbons, Marine Chemistry, 2008, 110(3-4), 129-139, ::doi::10.1016/j.marchem.2008.04.010 Karlsson, A., Theorin, M., Snoeijs, P. and Abrahamsson, K. (2012), Volatile Halogenated Organic Compounds in Pack-ice and Snow in the Central Arctic Ocean, Unpublished Manuscript Karlsson, A., Theorin, M. and Abrahamsson, K. (2012), Distribution, transport and production of volatile halocarbons in the upper waters of the ice covered high Arctic Ocean, Unpublished Manuscript Mattson, E., Karlsson, A., Smith, W. O., Abrahamsson, K. (2012), The relationship between biophysical variables and halocarbon distributions in the waters of the Amundsen and Ross Seas, Antarctica, Marine Chemistry, 141-142, 1-9, ::doi::10.1016/j.marchem.2012.07.002 Mattsson, E., Karlsson, A. and Abrahamsson, K. (2012), Regional Sinks of Bromoform in the Southern Ocean, Unpublished Manuscript 978-91-628-8545-8 http://hdl.handle.net/2077/30345 volatile biogenic halocarbons Arctic Ocean Southern Ocean sea ice snow air-sea exchange cyanobacteria Text Doctoral thesis Doctor of Philosophy 2012 ftunivgoeteborg 2023-10-04T21:16:30Z It is well-established that marine micro- and macroalgae form volatile halogenated compounds (halocarbons). Production occurs throughout the world ocean with strong regional sources in coastal areas. In the atmosphere, these compounds are converted to reactive inorganic halogen compounds, which degrade ozone. Biogenic halocarbons typically contain iodine or bromine, which have higher ozone depletion potentials than chlorine. The main pathway of halocarbon formation involves haloperoxidases, which reduce hydrogen peroxide, formed during photosynthesis, by oxidation of halide ions. Therefore, this is a universal process in the oceans, but there are large spatial and temporal variations. Estimations of the oceanic source of these compounds rely on accurate assessments of production and degradation rates, as well as on air-sea flux calculations. In this work, the distribution of biogenic halocarbons in the ice-covered central Arctic Ocean, and in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, was investigated. Elevated concentrations were found under the sea ice, and even higher concentration in the ice. The production, attributed to sea ice algae, was highly variable. Degradation was also observed with half-lives as short as 1 day. Production was also found in snow, which could be attributed to biological activity. The studies were performed in a period when the sea ice was melting, and low nutrient levels indicated that a previous bloom had now been followed by heterotrophic activity. The fast degradation, presumably biotic since known abiotic reactions are much slower, showed the importance of this parameter when studying natural populations, as compared to culture studies. The highest concentrations in surface water and sea ice brine in the Arctic Ocean coincided with high concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) carried by river water from the Russian rivers. It was hypothesized that this is a key parameter for the production of halocarbons in this region, as an organic substrate is needed for halocarbon ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ice algae Sea ice Southern Ocean University of Gothenburg: GUPEA (Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Gothenburg: GUPEA (Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivgoeteborg |
language |
English |
topic |
volatile biogenic halocarbons Arctic Ocean Southern Ocean sea ice snow air-sea exchange cyanobacteria |
spellingShingle |
volatile biogenic halocarbons Arctic Ocean Southern Ocean sea ice snow air-sea exchange cyanobacteria Karlsson, Anders Formation and Distribution of Marine Biogenic Halocarbons with Emphasis on Polar Regions |
topic_facet |
volatile biogenic halocarbons Arctic Ocean Southern Ocean sea ice snow air-sea exchange cyanobacteria |
description |
It is well-established that marine micro- and macroalgae form volatile halogenated compounds (halocarbons). Production occurs throughout the world ocean with strong regional sources in coastal areas. In the atmosphere, these compounds are converted to reactive inorganic halogen compounds, which degrade ozone. Biogenic halocarbons typically contain iodine or bromine, which have higher ozone depletion potentials than chlorine. The main pathway of halocarbon formation involves haloperoxidases, which reduce hydrogen peroxide, formed during photosynthesis, by oxidation of halide ions. Therefore, this is a universal process in the oceans, but there are large spatial and temporal variations. Estimations of the oceanic source of these compounds rely on accurate assessments of production and degradation rates, as well as on air-sea flux calculations. In this work, the distribution of biogenic halocarbons in the ice-covered central Arctic Ocean, and in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, was investigated. Elevated concentrations were found under the sea ice, and even higher concentration in the ice. The production, attributed to sea ice algae, was highly variable. Degradation was also observed with half-lives as short as 1 day. Production was also found in snow, which could be attributed to biological activity. The studies were performed in a period when the sea ice was melting, and low nutrient levels indicated that a previous bloom had now been followed by heterotrophic activity. The fast degradation, presumably biotic since known abiotic reactions are much slower, showed the importance of this parameter when studying natural populations, as compared to culture studies. The highest concentrations in surface water and sea ice brine in the Arctic Ocean coincided with high concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) carried by river water from the Russian rivers. It was hypothesized that this is a key parameter for the production of halocarbons in this region, as an organic substrate is needed for halocarbon ... |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Karlsson, Anders |
author_facet |
Karlsson, Anders |
author_sort |
Karlsson, Anders |
title |
Formation and Distribution of Marine Biogenic Halocarbons with Emphasis on Polar Regions |
title_short |
Formation and Distribution of Marine Biogenic Halocarbons with Emphasis on Polar Regions |
title_full |
Formation and Distribution of Marine Biogenic Halocarbons with Emphasis on Polar Regions |
title_fullStr |
Formation and Distribution of Marine Biogenic Halocarbons with Emphasis on Polar Regions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Formation and Distribution of Marine Biogenic Halocarbons with Emphasis on Polar Regions |
title_sort |
formation and distribution of marine biogenic halocarbons with emphasis on polar regions |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2077/30345 |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ice algae Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ice algae Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
Karlsson, A., Auer, N., Schulz-Bull, D. and Abrahamsson, K. (2008), Cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic - A source of halocarbons, Marine Chemistry, 2008, 110(3-4), 129-139, ::doi::10.1016/j.marchem.2008.04.010 Karlsson, A., Theorin, M., Snoeijs, P. and Abrahamsson, K. (2012), Volatile Halogenated Organic Compounds in Pack-ice and Snow in the Central Arctic Ocean, Unpublished Manuscript Karlsson, A., Theorin, M. and Abrahamsson, K. (2012), Distribution, transport and production of volatile halocarbons in the upper waters of the ice covered high Arctic Ocean, Unpublished Manuscript Mattson, E., Karlsson, A., Smith, W. O., Abrahamsson, K. (2012), The relationship between biophysical variables and halocarbon distributions in the waters of the Amundsen and Ross Seas, Antarctica, Marine Chemistry, 141-142, 1-9, ::doi::10.1016/j.marchem.2012.07.002 Mattsson, E., Karlsson, A. and Abrahamsson, K. (2012), Regional Sinks of Bromoform in the Southern Ocean, Unpublished Manuscript 978-91-628-8545-8 http://hdl.handle.net/2077/30345 |
_version_ |
1781054825353445376 |