Global maps of soil temperature
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions o...
Published in: | Global Change Biology |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2022
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Online Access: | https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8743335 http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8743335 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16060 https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8743335/file/8748698 |
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Ghent University Academic Bibliography |
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English |
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Technology and Engineering Biology and Life Sciences Earth and Environmental Sciences bioclimatic variables global maps microclimate near-surface temperatures soil-dwelling organisms soil temperature temperature offset weather stations LITTER DECOMPOSITION CLIMATIC CONTROLS PLANT-RESPONSES SNOW-COVER PERMAFROST FOREST SUITABILITY MITIGATION MOISTURE |
spellingShingle |
Technology and Engineering Biology and Life Sciences Earth and Environmental Sciences bioclimatic variables global maps microclimate near-surface temperatures soil-dwelling organisms soil temperature temperature offset weather stations LITTER DECOMPOSITION CLIMATIC CONTROLS PLANT-RESPONSES SNOW-COVER PERMAFROST FOREST SUITABILITY MITIGATION MOISTURE Lembrechts, Jonas J. Hoogen, Johan Aalto, Juha Ashcroft, Michael B. De Frenne, Pieter Kemppinen, Julia Kopecký, Martin Luoto, Miska Maclean, Ilya M. D. Crowther, Thomas W. Bailey, Joseph J. Haesen, Stef Klinges, David H. Niittynen, Pekka Scheffers, Brett R. Van Meerbeek, Koenraad Aartsma, Peter Abdalaze, Otar Abedi, Mehdi Aerts, Rien Ahmadian, Negar Ahrends, Antje Alatalo, Juha M. Alexander, Jake M. Allonsius, Camille Nina Altman, Jan Ammann, Christof Andres, Christian Andrews, Christopher Ardö, Jonas Arriga, Nicola Arzac, Alberto Aschero, Valeria Assis, Rafael L. Assmann, Jakob Johann Bader, Maaike Y. Bahalkeh, Khadijeh Barančok, Peter Barrio, Isabel C. Barros, Agustina Barthel, Matti Basham, Edmund W. Bauters, Marijn Bazzichetto, Manuele Marchesini, Luca Belelli Bell, Michael C. Benavides, Juan C. Benito Alonso, José Luis Berauer, Bernd J. Bjerke, Jarle W. Björk, Robert G. Björkman, Mats P. Björnsdóttir, Katrin Blonder, Benjamin Boeckx, Pascal Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Brum, Bárbara N. S. Brůna, Josef Buchmann, Nina Buysse, Pauline Camargo, José Luís Campoe, Otávio C. Candan, Onur Canessa, Rafaella Cannone, Nicoletta Carbognani, Michele Carnicer, Jofre Casanova‐Katny, Angélica Cesarz, Simone Chojnicki, Bogdan Choler, Philippe Chown, Steven L. Cifuentes, Edgar F. Čiliak, Marek Contador, Tamara Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cremonese, Edoardo Curasi, Salvatore R. Curtis, Robin Cutini, Maurizio Dahlberg, C. Johan Daskalova, Gergana N. de Pablo, Miguel Angel Della Chiesa, Stefano Dengler, Jürgen Deronde, Bart Descombes, Patrice Di Cecco, Valter Di Musciano, Michele Dick, Jan Dimarco, Romina D. Dolezal, Jiri Dorrepaal, Ellen Dušek, Jiří Eisenhauer, Nico Eklundh, Lars Erickson, Todd E. Erschbamer, Brigitta Eugster, Werner Ewers, Robert M. Exton, Dan A. Fanin, Nicolas Fazlioglu, Fatih Feigenwinter, Iris Fenu, Giuseppe Ferlian, Olga Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa Fernández‐Pascual, Eduardo Finckh, Manfred Higgens, Rebecca Finger Forte, T'ai G. W. Freeman, Erika C. Frei, Esther R. Fuentes‐Lillo, Eduardo García, Rafael A. García, María B. Géron, Charly Gharun, Mana Ghosn, Dany Gigauri, Khatuna Gobin, Anne Goded, Ignacio Goeckede, Mathias Gottschall, Felix Goulding, Keith Govaert, Sanne Graae, Bente Jessen Greenwood, Sarah Greiser, Caroline Grelle, Achim Guénard, Benoit Guglielmin, Mauro Guillemot, Joannès Haase, Peter Haider, Sylvia Halbritter, Aud H. Hamid, Maroof Hammerle, Albin Hampe, Arndt Haugum, Siri V. Hederová, Lucia Heinesch, Bernard Helfter, Carole Hepenstrick, Daniel Herberich, Maximiliane Herbst, Mathias Hermanutz, Luise Hik, David S. Hoffrén, Raúl Homeier, Jürgen Hörtnagl, Lukas Høye, Toke T. Hrbacek, Filip Hylander, Kristoffer Iwata, Hiroki Jackowicz‐Korczynski, Marcin Antoni Jactel, Hervé Järveoja, Järvi Jastrzębowski, Szymon Jentsch, Anke Jiménez, Juan J. Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S. Jucker, Tommaso Jump, Alistair S. Juszczak, Radoslaw Kanka, Róbert Kašpar, Vít Kazakis, George Kelly, Julia Khuroo, Anzar A. Klemedtsson, Leif Klisz, Marcin Kljun, Natascha Knohl, Alexander Kobler, Johannes Kollár, Jozef Kotowska, Martyna M. Kovács, Bence Kreyling, Juergen Lamprecht, Andrea Lang, Simone I. Larson, Christian Larson, Keith Laska, Kamil Maire, Guerric Leihy, Rachel I. Lens, Luc Liljebladh, Bengt Lohila, Annalea Lorite, Juan Loubet, Benjamin Lynn, Joshua Macek, Martin Mackenzie, Roy Magliulo, Enzo Maier, Regine Malfasi, Francesco Máliš, František Man, Matěj Manca, Giovanni Manco, Antonio Manise, Tanguy Manolaki, Paraskevi Marciniak, Felipe Matula, Radim Mazzolari, Ana Clara Medinets, Sergiy Medinets, Volodymyr Meeussen, Camille Merinero, Sonia Mesquita, Rita de Cássia Guimarães Meusburger, Katrin Meysman, Filip J. R. Michaletz, Sean T. Milbau, Ann Moiseev, Dmitry Moiseev, Pavel Mondoni, Andrea Monfries, Ruth Montagnani, Leonardo Moriana‐Armendariz, Mikel Morra di Cella, Umberto Mörsdorf, Martin Mosedale, Jonathan R. Muffler, Lena Muñoz‐Rojas, Miriam Myers, Jonathan A. Myers‐Smith, Isla H. Nagy, Laszlo Nardino, Marianna Naujokaitis‐Lewis, Ilona Newling, Emily Nicklas, Lena Niedrist, Georg Niessner, Armin Nilsson, Mats B. Normand, Signe Nosetto, Marcelo D. Nouvellon, Yann Nuñez, Martin A. Ogaya, Romà Ogée, Jérôme Okello, Joseph Olejnik, Janusz Olesen, Jørgen Eivind Opedal, Øystein H. Orsenigo, Simone Palaj, Andrej Pampuch, Timo Panov, Alexey V. Pärtel, Meelis Pastor, Ada Pauchard, Aníbal Pauli, Harald Pavelka, Marian Pearse, William D. Peichl, Matthias Pellissier, Loïc Penczykowski, Rachel M. Penuelas, Josep Petit Bon, Matteo Petraglia, Alessandro Phartyal, Shyam S. Phoenix, Gareth K. Pio, Casimiro Pitacco, Andrea Pitteloud, Camille Plichta, Roman Porro, Francesco Portillo‐Estrada, Miguel Poulenard, Jérôme Poyatos, Rafael Prokushkin, Anatoly S. Puchalka, Radoslaw Pușcaș, Mihai Radujković, Dajana Randall, Krystal Ratier Backes, Amanda Remmele, Sabine Remmers, Wolfram Renault, David Risch, Anita C. Rixen, Christian Robinson, Sharon A. Robroek, Bjorn J. M. Rocha, Adrian V. Rossi, Christian Rossi, Graziano Roupsard, Olivier Rubtsov, Alexey V. Saccone, Patrick Sagot, Clotilde Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan Santos, Cinthya C. Sarneel, Judith M. Scharnweber, Tobias Schmeddes, Jonas Schmidt, Marius Scholten, Thomas Schuchardt, Max Schwartz, Naomi Scott, Tony Seeber, Julia Segalin de Andrade, Ana Cristina Seipel, Tim Semenchuk, Philipp Senior, Rebecca A. Serra‐Diaz, Josep M. Sewerniak, Piotr Shekhar, Ankit Sidenko, Nikita V. Siebicke, Lukas Siegwart Collier, Laura Simpson, Elizabeth Siqueira, David P. Sitková, Zuzana Six, Johan Smiljanic, Marko Smith, Stuart W. Smith‐Tripp, Sarah Somers, Ben Sørensen, Mia Vedel Souza, José João L. L. Souza, Bartolomeu Israel Souza Dias, Arildo Spasojevic, Marko J. Speed, James D. M. Spicher, Fabien Stanisci, Angela Steinbauer, Klaus Steinbrecher, Rainer Steinwandter, Michael Stemkovski, Michael Stephan, Jörg G. Stiegler, Christian Stoll, Stefan Svátek, Martin Svoboda, Miroslav Tagesson, Torbern Tanentzap, Andrew J. Tanneberger, Franziska Theurillat, Jean‐Paul Thomas, Haydn J. D. Thomas, Andrew D. Tielbörger, Katja Tomaselli, Marcello Treier, Urs Albert Trouillier, Mario Turtureanu, Pavel Dan Tutton, Rosamond Tyystjärvi, Vilna A. Ueyama, Masahito Ujházy, Karol Ujházyová, Mariana Uogintas, Domas Urban, Anastasiya V. Urban, Josef Urbaniak, Marek Ursu, Tudor‐Mihai Vaccari, Francesco Primo Van de Vondel, Stijn Brink, Liesbeth Van Geel, Maarten Vandvik, Vigdis Vangansbeke, Pieter Varlagin, Andrej Veen, G. F. Veenendaal, Elmar Venn, Susanna E. Verbeeck, Hans Verbrugggen, Erik Verheijen, Frank G. A. Villar, Luis Vitale, Luca Vittoz, Pascal Vives‐Ingla, Maria Oppen, Jonathan Walz, Josefine Wang, Runxi Wang, Yifeng Way, Robert G. Wedegärtner, Ronja E. M. Weigel, Robert Wild, Jan Wilkinson, Matthew Wilmking, Martin Wingate, Lisa Winkler, Manuela Wipf, Sonja Wohlfahrt, Georg Xenakis, Georgios Yang, Yan Yu, Zicheng Yu, Kailiang Zellweger, Florian Zhang, Jian Zhang, Zhaochen Zhao, Peng Ziemblińska, Klaudia Zimmermann, Reiner Zong, Shengwei Zyryanov, Viacheslav I. Nijs, Ivan Lenoir, Jonathan Global maps of soil temperature |
topic_facet |
Technology and Engineering Biology and Life Sciences Earth and Environmental Sciences bioclimatic variables global maps microclimate near-surface temperatures soil-dwelling organisms soil temperature temperature offset weather stations LITTER DECOMPOSITION CLIMATIC CONTROLS PLANT-RESPONSES SNOW-COVER PERMAFROST FOREST SUITABILITY MITIGATION MOISTURE |
description |
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km(2) resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km(2) pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10 degrees C (mean = 3.0 +/- 2.1 degrees C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 +/- 2.3 degrees C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 +/- 2.3 degrees C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications. |
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Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lembrechts, Jonas J. Hoogen, Johan Aalto, Juha Ashcroft, Michael B. De Frenne, Pieter Kemppinen, Julia Kopecký, Martin Luoto, Miska Maclean, Ilya M. D. Crowther, Thomas W. Bailey, Joseph J. Haesen, Stef Klinges, David H. Niittynen, Pekka Scheffers, Brett R. Van Meerbeek, Koenraad Aartsma, Peter Abdalaze, Otar Abedi, Mehdi Aerts, Rien Ahmadian, Negar Ahrends, Antje Alatalo, Juha M. Alexander, Jake M. Allonsius, Camille Nina Altman, Jan Ammann, Christof Andres, Christian Andrews, Christopher Ardö, Jonas Arriga, Nicola Arzac, Alberto Aschero, Valeria Assis, Rafael L. Assmann, Jakob Johann Bader, Maaike Y. Bahalkeh, Khadijeh Barančok, Peter Barrio, Isabel C. Barros, Agustina Barthel, Matti Basham, Edmund W. Bauters, Marijn Bazzichetto, Manuele Marchesini, Luca Belelli Bell, Michael C. Benavides, Juan C. Benito Alonso, José Luis Berauer, Bernd J. Bjerke, Jarle W. Björk, Robert G. Björkman, Mats P. Björnsdóttir, Katrin Blonder, Benjamin Boeckx, Pascal Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Brum, Bárbara N. S. Brůna, Josef Buchmann, Nina Buysse, Pauline Camargo, José Luís Campoe, Otávio C. Candan, Onur Canessa, Rafaella Cannone, Nicoletta Carbognani, Michele Carnicer, Jofre Casanova‐Katny, Angélica Cesarz, Simone Chojnicki, Bogdan Choler, Philippe Chown, Steven L. Cifuentes, Edgar F. Čiliak, Marek Contador, Tamara Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cremonese, Edoardo Curasi, Salvatore R. Curtis, Robin Cutini, Maurizio Dahlberg, C. Johan Daskalova, Gergana N. de Pablo, Miguel Angel Della Chiesa, Stefano Dengler, Jürgen Deronde, Bart Descombes, Patrice Di Cecco, Valter Di Musciano, Michele Dick, Jan Dimarco, Romina D. Dolezal, Jiri Dorrepaal, Ellen Dušek, Jiří Eisenhauer, Nico Eklundh, Lars Erickson, Todd E. Erschbamer, Brigitta Eugster, Werner Ewers, Robert M. Exton, Dan A. Fanin, Nicolas Fazlioglu, Fatih Feigenwinter, Iris Fenu, Giuseppe Ferlian, Olga Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa Fernández‐Pascual, Eduardo Finckh, Manfred Higgens, Rebecca Finger Forte, T'ai G. W. Freeman, Erika C. Frei, Esther R. Fuentes‐Lillo, Eduardo García, Rafael A. García, María B. Géron, Charly Gharun, Mana Ghosn, Dany Gigauri, Khatuna Gobin, Anne Goded, Ignacio Goeckede, Mathias Gottschall, Felix Goulding, Keith Govaert, Sanne Graae, Bente Jessen Greenwood, Sarah Greiser, Caroline Grelle, Achim Guénard, Benoit Guglielmin, Mauro Guillemot, Joannès Haase, Peter Haider, Sylvia Halbritter, Aud H. Hamid, Maroof Hammerle, Albin Hampe, Arndt Haugum, Siri V. Hederová, Lucia Heinesch, Bernard Helfter, Carole Hepenstrick, Daniel Herberich, Maximiliane Herbst, Mathias Hermanutz, Luise Hik, David S. Hoffrén, Raúl Homeier, Jürgen Hörtnagl, Lukas Høye, Toke T. Hrbacek, Filip Hylander, Kristoffer Iwata, Hiroki Jackowicz‐Korczynski, Marcin Antoni Jactel, Hervé Järveoja, Järvi Jastrzębowski, Szymon Jentsch, Anke Jiménez, Juan J. Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S. Jucker, Tommaso Jump, Alistair S. Juszczak, Radoslaw Kanka, Róbert Kašpar, Vít Kazakis, George Kelly, Julia Khuroo, Anzar A. Klemedtsson, Leif Klisz, Marcin Kljun, Natascha Knohl, Alexander Kobler, Johannes Kollár, Jozef Kotowska, Martyna M. Kovács, Bence Kreyling, Juergen Lamprecht, Andrea Lang, Simone I. Larson, Christian Larson, Keith Laska, Kamil Maire, Guerric Leihy, Rachel I. Lens, Luc Liljebladh, Bengt Lohila, Annalea Lorite, Juan Loubet, Benjamin Lynn, Joshua Macek, Martin Mackenzie, Roy Magliulo, Enzo Maier, Regine Malfasi, Francesco Máliš, František Man, Matěj Manca, Giovanni Manco, Antonio Manise, Tanguy Manolaki, Paraskevi Marciniak, Felipe Matula, Radim Mazzolari, Ana Clara Medinets, Sergiy Medinets, Volodymyr Meeussen, Camille Merinero, Sonia Mesquita, Rita de Cássia Guimarães Meusburger, Katrin Meysman, Filip J. R. Michaletz, Sean T. Milbau, Ann Moiseev, Dmitry Moiseev, Pavel Mondoni, Andrea Monfries, Ruth Montagnani, Leonardo Moriana‐Armendariz, Mikel Morra di Cella, Umberto Mörsdorf, Martin Mosedale, Jonathan R. Muffler, Lena Muñoz‐Rojas, Miriam Myers, Jonathan A. Myers‐Smith, Isla H. Nagy, Laszlo Nardino, Marianna Naujokaitis‐Lewis, Ilona Newling, Emily Nicklas, Lena Niedrist, Georg Niessner, Armin Nilsson, Mats B. Normand, Signe Nosetto, Marcelo D. Nouvellon, Yann Nuñez, Martin A. Ogaya, Romà Ogée, Jérôme Okello, Joseph Olejnik, Janusz Olesen, Jørgen Eivind Opedal, Øystein H. Orsenigo, Simone Palaj, Andrej Pampuch, Timo Panov, Alexey V. Pärtel, Meelis Pastor, Ada Pauchard, Aníbal Pauli, Harald Pavelka, Marian Pearse, William D. Peichl, Matthias Pellissier, Loïc Penczykowski, Rachel M. Penuelas, Josep Petit Bon, Matteo Petraglia, Alessandro Phartyal, Shyam S. Phoenix, Gareth K. Pio, Casimiro Pitacco, Andrea Pitteloud, Camille Plichta, Roman Porro, Francesco Portillo‐Estrada, Miguel Poulenard, Jérôme Poyatos, Rafael Prokushkin, Anatoly S. Puchalka, Radoslaw Pușcaș, Mihai Radujković, Dajana Randall, Krystal Ratier Backes, Amanda Remmele, Sabine Remmers, Wolfram Renault, David Risch, Anita C. Rixen, Christian Robinson, Sharon A. Robroek, Bjorn J. M. Rocha, Adrian V. Rossi, Christian Rossi, Graziano Roupsard, Olivier Rubtsov, Alexey V. Saccone, Patrick Sagot, Clotilde Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan Santos, Cinthya C. Sarneel, Judith M. Scharnweber, Tobias Schmeddes, Jonas Schmidt, Marius Scholten, Thomas Schuchardt, Max Schwartz, Naomi Scott, Tony Seeber, Julia Segalin de Andrade, Ana Cristina Seipel, Tim Semenchuk, Philipp Senior, Rebecca A. Serra‐Diaz, Josep M. Sewerniak, Piotr Shekhar, Ankit Sidenko, Nikita V. Siebicke, Lukas Siegwart Collier, Laura Simpson, Elizabeth Siqueira, David P. Sitková, Zuzana Six, Johan Smiljanic, Marko Smith, Stuart W. Smith‐Tripp, Sarah Somers, Ben Sørensen, Mia Vedel Souza, José João L. L. Souza, Bartolomeu Israel Souza Dias, Arildo Spasojevic, Marko J. Speed, James D. M. Spicher, Fabien Stanisci, Angela Steinbauer, Klaus Steinbrecher, Rainer Steinwandter, Michael Stemkovski, Michael Stephan, Jörg G. Stiegler, Christian Stoll, Stefan Svátek, Martin Svoboda, Miroslav Tagesson, Torbern Tanentzap, Andrew J. Tanneberger, Franziska Theurillat, Jean‐Paul Thomas, Haydn J. D. Thomas, Andrew D. Tielbörger, Katja Tomaselli, Marcello Treier, Urs Albert Trouillier, Mario Turtureanu, Pavel Dan Tutton, Rosamond Tyystjärvi, Vilna A. Ueyama, Masahito Ujházy, Karol Ujházyová, Mariana Uogintas, Domas Urban, Anastasiya V. Urban, Josef Urbaniak, Marek Ursu, Tudor‐Mihai Vaccari, Francesco Primo Van de Vondel, Stijn Brink, Liesbeth Van Geel, Maarten Vandvik, Vigdis Vangansbeke, Pieter Varlagin, Andrej Veen, G. F. Veenendaal, Elmar Venn, Susanna E. Verbeeck, Hans Verbrugggen, Erik Verheijen, Frank G. A. Villar, Luis Vitale, Luca Vittoz, Pascal Vives‐Ingla, Maria Oppen, Jonathan Walz, Josefine Wang, Runxi Wang, Yifeng Way, Robert G. Wedegärtner, Ronja E. M. Weigel, Robert Wild, Jan Wilkinson, Matthew Wilmking, Martin Wingate, Lisa Winkler, Manuela Wipf, Sonja Wohlfahrt, Georg Xenakis, Georgios Yang, Yan Yu, Zicheng Yu, Kailiang Zellweger, Florian Zhang, Jian Zhang, Zhaochen Zhao, Peng Ziemblińska, Klaudia Zimmermann, Reiner Zong, Shengwei Zyryanov, Viacheslav I. Nijs, Ivan Lenoir, Jonathan |
author_facet |
Lembrechts, Jonas J. Hoogen, Johan Aalto, Juha Ashcroft, Michael B. De Frenne, Pieter Kemppinen, Julia Kopecký, Martin Luoto, Miska Maclean, Ilya M. D. Crowther, Thomas W. Bailey, Joseph J. Haesen, Stef Klinges, David H. Niittynen, Pekka Scheffers, Brett R. Van Meerbeek, Koenraad Aartsma, Peter Abdalaze, Otar Abedi, Mehdi Aerts, Rien Ahmadian, Negar Ahrends, Antje Alatalo, Juha M. Alexander, Jake M. Allonsius, Camille Nina Altman, Jan Ammann, Christof Andres, Christian Andrews, Christopher Ardö, Jonas Arriga, Nicola Arzac, Alberto Aschero, Valeria Assis, Rafael L. Assmann, Jakob Johann Bader, Maaike Y. Bahalkeh, Khadijeh Barančok, Peter Barrio, Isabel C. Barros, Agustina Barthel, Matti Basham, Edmund W. Bauters, Marijn Bazzichetto, Manuele Marchesini, Luca Belelli Bell, Michael C. Benavides, Juan C. Benito Alonso, José Luis Berauer, Bernd J. Bjerke, Jarle W. Björk, Robert G. Björkman, Mats P. Björnsdóttir, Katrin Blonder, Benjamin Boeckx, Pascal Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Brum, Bárbara N. S. Brůna, Josef Buchmann, Nina Buysse, Pauline Camargo, José Luís Campoe, Otávio C. Candan, Onur Canessa, Rafaella Cannone, Nicoletta Carbognani, Michele Carnicer, Jofre Casanova‐Katny, Angélica Cesarz, Simone Chojnicki, Bogdan Choler, Philippe Chown, Steven L. Cifuentes, Edgar F. Čiliak, Marek Contador, Tamara Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cremonese, Edoardo Curasi, Salvatore R. Curtis, Robin Cutini, Maurizio Dahlberg, C. Johan Daskalova, Gergana N. de Pablo, Miguel Angel Della Chiesa, Stefano Dengler, Jürgen Deronde, Bart Descombes, Patrice Di Cecco, Valter Di Musciano, Michele Dick, Jan Dimarco, Romina D. Dolezal, Jiri Dorrepaal, Ellen Dušek, Jiří Eisenhauer, Nico Eklundh, Lars Erickson, Todd E. Erschbamer, Brigitta Eugster, Werner Ewers, Robert M. Exton, Dan A. Fanin, Nicolas Fazlioglu, Fatih Feigenwinter, Iris Fenu, Giuseppe Ferlian, Olga Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa Fernández‐Pascual, Eduardo Finckh, Manfred Higgens, Rebecca Finger Forte, T'ai G. W. Freeman, Erika C. Frei, Esther R. Fuentes‐Lillo, Eduardo García, Rafael A. García, María B. Géron, Charly Gharun, Mana Ghosn, Dany Gigauri, Khatuna Gobin, Anne Goded, Ignacio Goeckede, Mathias Gottschall, Felix Goulding, Keith Govaert, Sanne Graae, Bente Jessen Greenwood, Sarah Greiser, Caroline Grelle, Achim Guénard, Benoit Guglielmin, Mauro Guillemot, Joannès Haase, Peter Haider, Sylvia Halbritter, Aud H. Hamid, Maroof Hammerle, Albin Hampe, Arndt Haugum, Siri V. Hederová, Lucia Heinesch, Bernard Helfter, Carole Hepenstrick, Daniel Herberich, Maximiliane Herbst, Mathias Hermanutz, Luise Hik, David S. Hoffrén, Raúl Homeier, Jürgen Hörtnagl, Lukas Høye, Toke T. Hrbacek, Filip Hylander, Kristoffer Iwata, Hiroki Jackowicz‐Korczynski, Marcin Antoni Jactel, Hervé Järveoja, Järvi Jastrzębowski, Szymon Jentsch, Anke Jiménez, Juan J. Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S. Jucker, Tommaso Jump, Alistair S. Juszczak, Radoslaw Kanka, Róbert Kašpar, Vít Kazakis, George Kelly, Julia Khuroo, Anzar A. Klemedtsson, Leif Klisz, Marcin Kljun, Natascha Knohl, Alexander Kobler, Johannes Kollár, Jozef Kotowska, Martyna M. Kovács, Bence Kreyling, Juergen Lamprecht, Andrea Lang, Simone I. Larson, Christian Larson, Keith Laska, Kamil Maire, Guerric Leihy, Rachel I. Lens, Luc Liljebladh, Bengt Lohila, Annalea Lorite, Juan Loubet, Benjamin Lynn, Joshua Macek, Martin Mackenzie, Roy Magliulo, Enzo Maier, Regine Malfasi, Francesco Máliš, František Man, Matěj Manca, Giovanni Manco, Antonio Manise, Tanguy Manolaki, Paraskevi Marciniak, Felipe Matula, Radim Mazzolari, Ana Clara Medinets, Sergiy Medinets, Volodymyr Meeussen, Camille Merinero, Sonia Mesquita, Rita de Cássia Guimarães Meusburger, Katrin Meysman, Filip J. R. Michaletz, Sean T. Milbau, Ann Moiseev, Dmitry Moiseev, Pavel Mondoni, Andrea Monfries, Ruth Montagnani, Leonardo Moriana‐Armendariz, Mikel Morra di Cella, Umberto Mörsdorf, Martin Mosedale, Jonathan R. Muffler, Lena Muñoz‐Rojas, Miriam Myers, Jonathan A. Myers‐Smith, Isla H. Nagy, Laszlo Nardino, Marianna Naujokaitis‐Lewis, Ilona Newling, Emily Nicklas, Lena Niedrist, Georg Niessner, Armin Nilsson, Mats B. Normand, Signe Nosetto, Marcelo D. Nouvellon, Yann Nuñez, Martin A. Ogaya, Romà Ogée, Jérôme Okello, Joseph Olejnik, Janusz Olesen, Jørgen Eivind Opedal, Øystein H. Orsenigo, Simone Palaj, Andrej Pampuch, Timo Panov, Alexey V. Pärtel, Meelis Pastor, Ada Pauchard, Aníbal Pauli, Harald Pavelka, Marian Pearse, William D. Peichl, Matthias Pellissier, Loïc Penczykowski, Rachel M. Penuelas, Josep Petit Bon, Matteo Petraglia, Alessandro Phartyal, Shyam S. Phoenix, Gareth K. Pio, Casimiro Pitacco, Andrea Pitteloud, Camille Plichta, Roman Porro, Francesco Portillo‐Estrada, Miguel Poulenard, Jérôme Poyatos, Rafael Prokushkin, Anatoly S. Puchalka, Radoslaw Pușcaș, Mihai Radujković, Dajana Randall, Krystal Ratier Backes, Amanda Remmele, Sabine Remmers, Wolfram Renault, David Risch, Anita C. Rixen, Christian Robinson, Sharon A. Robroek, Bjorn J. M. Rocha, Adrian V. Rossi, Christian Rossi, Graziano Roupsard, Olivier Rubtsov, Alexey V. Saccone, Patrick Sagot, Clotilde Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan Santos, Cinthya C. Sarneel, Judith M. Scharnweber, Tobias Schmeddes, Jonas Schmidt, Marius Scholten, Thomas Schuchardt, Max Schwartz, Naomi Scott, Tony Seeber, Julia Segalin de Andrade, Ana Cristina Seipel, Tim Semenchuk, Philipp Senior, Rebecca A. Serra‐Diaz, Josep M. Sewerniak, Piotr Shekhar, Ankit Sidenko, Nikita V. Siebicke, Lukas Siegwart Collier, Laura Simpson, Elizabeth Siqueira, David P. Sitková, Zuzana Six, Johan Smiljanic, Marko Smith, Stuart W. Smith‐Tripp, Sarah Somers, Ben Sørensen, Mia Vedel Souza, José João L. L. Souza, Bartolomeu Israel Souza Dias, Arildo Spasojevic, Marko J. Speed, James D. M. Spicher, Fabien Stanisci, Angela Steinbauer, Klaus Steinbrecher, Rainer Steinwandter, Michael Stemkovski, Michael Stephan, Jörg G. Stiegler, Christian Stoll, Stefan Svátek, Martin Svoboda, Miroslav Tagesson, Torbern Tanentzap, Andrew J. Tanneberger, Franziska Theurillat, Jean‐Paul Thomas, Haydn J. D. Thomas, Andrew D. Tielbörger, Katja Tomaselli, Marcello Treier, Urs Albert Trouillier, Mario Turtureanu, Pavel Dan Tutton, Rosamond Tyystjärvi, Vilna A. Ueyama, Masahito Ujházy, Karol Ujházyová, Mariana Uogintas, Domas Urban, Anastasiya V. Urban, Josef Urbaniak, Marek Ursu, Tudor‐Mihai Vaccari, Francesco Primo Van de Vondel, Stijn Brink, Liesbeth Van Geel, Maarten Vandvik, Vigdis Vangansbeke, Pieter Varlagin, Andrej Veen, G. F. Veenendaal, Elmar Venn, Susanna E. Verbeeck, Hans Verbrugggen, Erik Verheijen, Frank G. A. Villar, Luis Vitale, Luca Vittoz, Pascal Vives‐Ingla, Maria Oppen, Jonathan Walz, Josefine Wang, Runxi Wang, Yifeng Way, Robert G. Wedegärtner, Ronja E. M. Weigel, Robert Wild, Jan Wilkinson, Matthew Wilmking, Martin Wingate, Lisa Winkler, Manuela Wipf, Sonja Wohlfahrt, Georg Xenakis, Georgios Yang, Yan Yu, Zicheng Yu, Kailiang Zellweger, Florian Zhang, Jian Zhang, Zhaochen Zhao, Peng Ziemblińska, Klaudia Zimmermann, Reiner Zong, Shengwei Zyryanov, Viacheslav I. Nijs, Ivan Lenoir, Jonathan |
author_sort |
Lembrechts, Jonas J. |
title |
Global maps of soil temperature |
title_short |
Global maps of soil temperature |
title_full |
Global maps of soil temperature |
title_fullStr |
Global maps of soil temperature |
title_full_unstemmed |
Global maps of soil temperature |
title_sort |
global maps of soil temperature |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8743335 http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8743335 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16060 https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8743335/file/8748698 |
genre |
permafrost |
genre_facet |
permafrost |
op_source |
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY ISSN: 1354-1013 ISSN: 1365-2486 |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/757833 https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8743335 http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8743335 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16060 https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8743335/file/8748698 |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16060 |
container_title |
Global Change Biology |
_version_ |
1768373298117214208 |
spelling |
ftunivgent:oai:archive.ugent.be:8743335 2023-06-11T04:15:59+02:00 Global maps of soil temperature Lembrechts, Jonas J. Hoogen, Johan Aalto, Juha Ashcroft, Michael B. De Frenne, Pieter Kemppinen, Julia Kopecký, Martin Luoto, Miska Maclean, Ilya M. D. Crowther, Thomas W. Bailey, Joseph J. Haesen, Stef Klinges, David H. Niittynen, Pekka Scheffers, Brett R. Van Meerbeek, Koenraad Aartsma, Peter Abdalaze, Otar Abedi, Mehdi Aerts, Rien Ahmadian, Negar Ahrends, Antje Alatalo, Juha M. Alexander, Jake M. Allonsius, Camille Nina Altman, Jan Ammann, Christof Andres, Christian Andrews, Christopher Ardö, Jonas Arriga, Nicola Arzac, Alberto Aschero, Valeria Assis, Rafael L. Assmann, Jakob Johann Bader, Maaike Y. Bahalkeh, Khadijeh Barančok, Peter Barrio, Isabel C. Barros, Agustina Barthel, Matti Basham, Edmund W. Bauters, Marijn Bazzichetto, Manuele Marchesini, Luca Belelli Bell, Michael C. Benavides, Juan C. Benito Alonso, José Luis Berauer, Bernd J. Bjerke, Jarle W. Björk, Robert G. Björkman, Mats P. Björnsdóttir, Katrin Blonder, Benjamin Boeckx, Pascal Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Brum, Bárbara N. S. Brůna, Josef Buchmann, Nina Buysse, Pauline Camargo, José Luís Campoe, Otávio C. Candan, Onur Canessa, Rafaella Cannone, Nicoletta Carbognani, Michele Carnicer, Jofre Casanova‐Katny, Angélica Cesarz, Simone Chojnicki, Bogdan Choler, Philippe Chown, Steven L. Cifuentes, Edgar F. Čiliak, Marek Contador, Tamara Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cremonese, Edoardo Curasi, Salvatore R. Curtis, Robin Cutini, Maurizio Dahlberg, C. Johan Daskalova, Gergana N. de Pablo, Miguel Angel Della Chiesa, Stefano Dengler, Jürgen Deronde, Bart Descombes, Patrice Di Cecco, Valter Di Musciano, Michele Dick, Jan Dimarco, Romina D. Dolezal, Jiri Dorrepaal, Ellen Dušek, Jiří Eisenhauer, Nico Eklundh, Lars Erickson, Todd E. Erschbamer, Brigitta Eugster, Werner Ewers, Robert M. Exton, Dan A. Fanin, Nicolas Fazlioglu, Fatih Feigenwinter, Iris Fenu, Giuseppe Ferlian, Olga Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa Fernández‐Pascual, Eduardo Finckh, Manfred Higgens, Rebecca Finger Forte, T'ai G. W. Freeman, Erika C. Frei, Esther R. Fuentes‐Lillo, Eduardo García, Rafael A. García, María B. Géron, Charly Gharun, Mana Ghosn, Dany Gigauri, Khatuna Gobin, Anne Goded, Ignacio Goeckede, Mathias Gottschall, Felix Goulding, Keith Govaert, Sanne Graae, Bente Jessen Greenwood, Sarah Greiser, Caroline Grelle, Achim Guénard, Benoit Guglielmin, Mauro Guillemot, Joannès Haase, Peter Haider, Sylvia Halbritter, Aud H. Hamid, Maroof Hammerle, Albin Hampe, Arndt Haugum, Siri V. Hederová, Lucia Heinesch, Bernard Helfter, Carole Hepenstrick, Daniel Herberich, Maximiliane Herbst, Mathias Hermanutz, Luise Hik, David S. Hoffrén, Raúl Homeier, Jürgen Hörtnagl, Lukas Høye, Toke T. Hrbacek, Filip Hylander, Kristoffer Iwata, Hiroki Jackowicz‐Korczynski, Marcin Antoni Jactel, Hervé Järveoja, Järvi Jastrzębowski, Szymon Jentsch, Anke Jiménez, Juan J. Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S. Jucker, Tommaso Jump, Alistair S. Juszczak, Radoslaw Kanka, Róbert Kašpar, Vít Kazakis, George Kelly, Julia Khuroo, Anzar A. Klemedtsson, Leif Klisz, Marcin Kljun, Natascha Knohl, Alexander Kobler, Johannes Kollár, Jozef Kotowska, Martyna M. Kovács, Bence Kreyling, Juergen Lamprecht, Andrea Lang, Simone I. Larson, Christian Larson, Keith Laska, Kamil Maire, Guerric Leihy, Rachel I. Lens, Luc Liljebladh, Bengt Lohila, Annalea Lorite, Juan Loubet, Benjamin Lynn, Joshua Macek, Martin Mackenzie, Roy Magliulo, Enzo Maier, Regine Malfasi, Francesco Máliš, František Man, Matěj Manca, Giovanni Manco, Antonio Manise, Tanguy Manolaki, Paraskevi Marciniak, Felipe Matula, Radim Mazzolari, Ana Clara Medinets, Sergiy Medinets, Volodymyr Meeussen, Camille Merinero, Sonia Mesquita, Rita de Cássia Guimarães Meusburger, Katrin Meysman, Filip J. R. Michaletz, Sean T. Milbau, Ann Moiseev, Dmitry Moiseev, Pavel Mondoni, Andrea Monfries, Ruth Montagnani, Leonardo Moriana‐Armendariz, Mikel Morra di Cella, Umberto Mörsdorf, Martin Mosedale, Jonathan R. Muffler, Lena Muñoz‐Rojas, Miriam Myers, Jonathan A. Myers‐Smith, Isla H. Nagy, Laszlo Nardino, Marianna Naujokaitis‐Lewis, Ilona Newling, Emily Nicklas, Lena Niedrist, Georg Niessner, Armin Nilsson, Mats B. Normand, Signe Nosetto, Marcelo D. Nouvellon, Yann Nuñez, Martin A. Ogaya, Romà Ogée, Jérôme Okello, Joseph Olejnik, Janusz Olesen, Jørgen Eivind Opedal, Øystein H. Orsenigo, Simone Palaj, Andrej Pampuch, Timo Panov, Alexey V. Pärtel, Meelis Pastor, Ada Pauchard, Aníbal Pauli, Harald Pavelka, Marian Pearse, William D. Peichl, Matthias Pellissier, Loïc Penczykowski, Rachel M. Penuelas, Josep Petit Bon, Matteo Petraglia, Alessandro Phartyal, Shyam S. Phoenix, Gareth K. Pio, Casimiro Pitacco, Andrea Pitteloud, Camille Plichta, Roman Porro, Francesco Portillo‐Estrada, Miguel Poulenard, Jérôme Poyatos, Rafael Prokushkin, Anatoly S. Puchalka, Radoslaw Pușcaș, Mihai Radujković, Dajana Randall, Krystal Ratier Backes, Amanda Remmele, Sabine Remmers, Wolfram Renault, David Risch, Anita C. Rixen, Christian Robinson, Sharon A. Robroek, Bjorn J. M. Rocha, Adrian V. Rossi, Christian Rossi, Graziano Roupsard, Olivier Rubtsov, Alexey V. Saccone, Patrick Sagot, Clotilde Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan Santos, Cinthya C. Sarneel, Judith M. Scharnweber, Tobias Schmeddes, Jonas Schmidt, Marius Scholten, Thomas Schuchardt, Max Schwartz, Naomi Scott, Tony Seeber, Julia Segalin de Andrade, Ana Cristina Seipel, Tim Semenchuk, Philipp Senior, Rebecca A. Serra‐Diaz, Josep M. Sewerniak, Piotr Shekhar, Ankit Sidenko, Nikita V. Siebicke, Lukas Siegwart Collier, Laura Simpson, Elizabeth Siqueira, David P. Sitková, Zuzana Six, Johan Smiljanic, Marko Smith, Stuart W. Smith‐Tripp, Sarah Somers, Ben Sørensen, Mia Vedel Souza, José João L. L. Souza, Bartolomeu Israel Souza Dias, Arildo Spasojevic, Marko J. Speed, James D. M. Spicher, Fabien Stanisci, Angela Steinbauer, Klaus Steinbrecher, Rainer Steinwandter, Michael Stemkovski, Michael Stephan, Jörg G. Stiegler, Christian Stoll, Stefan Svátek, Martin Svoboda, Miroslav Tagesson, Torbern Tanentzap, Andrew J. Tanneberger, Franziska Theurillat, Jean‐Paul Thomas, Haydn J. D. Thomas, Andrew D. Tielbörger, Katja Tomaselli, Marcello Treier, Urs Albert Trouillier, Mario Turtureanu, Pavel Dan Tutton, Rosamond Tyystjärvi, Vilna A. Ueyama, Masahito Ujházy, Karol Ujházyová, Mariana Uogintas, Domas Urban, Anastasiya V. Urban, Josef Urbaniak, Marek Ursu, Tudor‐Mihai Vaccari, Francesco Primo Van de Vondel, Stijn Brink, Liesbeth Van Geel, Maarten Vandvik, Vigdis Vangansbeke, Pieter Varlagin, Andrej Veen, G. F. Veenendaal, Elmar Venn, Susanna E. Verbeeck, Hans Verbrugggen, Erik Verheijen, Frank G. A. Villar, Luis Vitale, Luca Vittoz, Pascal Vives‐Ingla, Maria Oppen, Jonathan Walz, Josefine Wang, Runxi Wang, Yifeng Way, Robert G. Wedegärtner, Ronja E. M. Weigel, Robert Wild, Jan Wilkinson, Matthew Wilmking, Martin Wingate, Lisa Winkler, Manuela Wipf, Sonja Wohlfahrt, Georg Xenakis, Georgios Yang, Yan Yu, Zicheng Yu, Kailiang Zellweger, Florian Zhang, Jian Zhang, Zhaochen Zhao, Peng Ziemblińska, Klaudia Zimmermann, Reiner Zong, Shengwei Zyryanov, Viacheslav I. Nijs, Ivan Lenoir, Jonathan 2022 application/pdf https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8743335 http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8743335 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16060 https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8743335/file/8748698 eng eng info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/757833 https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8743335 http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8743335 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16060 https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8743335/file/8748698 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY ISSN: 1354-1013 ISSN: 1365-2486 Technology and Engineering Biology and Life Sciences Earth and Environmental Sciences bioclimatic variables global maps microclimate near-surface temperatures soil-dwelling organisms soil temperature temperature offset weather stations LITTER DECOMPOSITION CLIMATIC CONTROLS PLANT-RESPONSES SNOW-COVER PERMAFROST FOREST SUITABILITY MITIGATION MOISTURE journalArticle info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2022 ftunivgent https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16060 2023-04-19T22:12:18Z Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km(2) resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km(2) pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10 degrees C (mean = 3.0 +/- 2.1 degrees C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 +/- 2.3 degrees C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 +/- 2.3 degrees C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications. Article in Journal/Newspaper permafrost Ghent University Academic Bibliography Global Change Biology |