Differentiation and growth of kype skeletal tissues in anadromous male Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
The re-initiation of bone development in adult starving Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during their energetically expensive upstream migration is remarkable and deserves closer examination. Dramatic alterations of the skull bones and teeth, most prominently, the development of a kype in males, are wi...
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ftunivgent:oai:archive.ugent.be:8646187 2023-06-11T04:10:19+02:00 Differentiation and growth of kype skeletal tissues in anadromous male Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Witten, Paul Eckhard Hall, Brian K. 2002 application/pdf https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8646187 http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8646187 https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8646187/file/8646189 eng eng https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8646187 http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8646187 https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8646187/file/8646189 No license (in copyright) info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY ISSN: 0214-6282 ISSN: 1696-3547 Biology and Life Sciences Grilse bone growth spawning migration kype Sharpey fiber bone chondroid bone BREAMS ACANTHOPAGRUS-AUSTRALIS RHABDOSARGUS-SARBA SPARIDAE BONE-RESORBING CELLS EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX CONNECTIVE TISSUES MATE COMPETITION PAGRUS-AURATUS IDENTIFICATION METABOLISM CARTILAGE journalArticle info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2002 ftunivgent 2023-05-10T22:38:04Z The re-initiation of bone development in adult starving Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during their energetically expensive upstream migration is remarkable and deserves closer examination. Dramatic alterations of the skull bones and teeth, most prominently, the development of a kype in males, are widely known but little studied or understood. We describe the microstructure and the cellular processes involved in the formation of the skeletal tissues of the kype. Fresh bone material, obtained from animals migrating upstream was subjected to radiological, histological or histochemical analysis. We show that the kype is, in part, composed of rapidly growing skeletal needles arising at the tip of the dentary. Proximally, the needles anastomose into a spongiosa-like meshwork which retains connective tissue inside bone marrow spaces. Ventrally, the needles blend into Sharpey fiber bone. Skeletal needles and Sharpey fiber bone can be distinguished from the compact bone of the dentary by radiography. Rapid formation of the skeleton of the kype is demonstrated by the presence of numerous osteoblasts, a broad distal osteoid zone, and the appearance of proteoglycans at the growth zone. The mode of bone formation in anadromous males can be described as 'making bone as fast as possible and with as little material as possible'. Unlike the normal compact bone of the dentary, the new skeletal tissue contains chondrocytes and cartilaginous extracellular matrix. Formation of the skeleton of the kype resembles antler development in deer (a form of regeneration), or hyperostotic bone formation in other teleost fishes, rather than periosteal bone growth. The type of bone formation may be understandable in the light of the animals' starvation and the energetic costs of upstream migration. However, the structured and regulated mode of bone formation suggests that the skeleton of the kype has functional relevance and is not a by-product of hormonal alterations or change of habitat. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Ghent University Academic Bibliography The Needles ENVELOPE(-70.967,-70.967,-68.950,-68.950) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Ghent University Academic Bibliography |
op_collection_id |
ftunivgent |
language |
English |
topic |
Biology and Life Sciences Grilse bone growth spawning migration kype Sharpey fiber bone chondroid bone BREAMS ACANTHOPAGRUS-AUSTRALIS RHABDOSARGUS-SARBA SPARIDAE BONE-RESORBING CELLS EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX CONNECTIVE TISSUES MATE COMPETITION PAGRUS-AURATUS IDENTIFICATION METABOLISM CARTILAGE |
spellingShingle |
Biology and Life Sciences Grilse bone growth spawning migration kype Sharpey fiber bone chondroid bone BREAMS ACANTHOPAGRUS-AUSTRALIS RHABDOSARGUS-SARBA SPARIDAE BONE-RESORBING CELLS EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX CONNECTIVE TISSUES MATE COMPETITION PAGRUS-AURATUS IDENTIFICATION METABOLISM CARTILAGE Witten, Paul Eckhard Hall, Brian K. Differentiation and growth of kype skeletal tissues in anadromous male Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
topic_facet |
Biology and Life Sciences Grilse bone growth spawning migration kype Sharpey fiber bone chondroid bone BREAMS ACANTHOPAGRUS-AUSTRALIS RHABDOSARGUS-SARBA SPARIDAE BONE-RESORBING CELLS EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX CONNECTIVE TISSUES MATE COMPETITION PAGRUS-AURATUS IDENTIFICATION METABOLISM CARTILAGE |
description |
The re-initiation of bone development in adult starving Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during their energetically expensive upstream migration is remarkable and deserves closer examination. Dramatic alterations of the skull bones and teeth, most prominently, the development of a kype in males, are widely known but little studied or understood. We describe the microstructure and the cellular processes involved in the formation of the skeletal tissues of the kype. Fresh bone material, obtained from animals migrating upstream was subjected to radiological, histological or histochemical analysis. We show that the kype is, in part, composed of rapidly growing skeletal needles arising at the tip of the dentary. Proximally, the needles anastomose into a spongiosa-like meshwork which retains connective tissue inside bone marrow spaces. Ventrally, the needles blend into Sharpey fiber bone. Skeletal needles and Sharpey fiber bone can be distinguished from the compact bone of the dentary by radiography. Rapid formation of the skeleton of the kype is demonstrated by the presence of numerous osteoblasts, a broad distal osteoid zone, and the appearance of proteoglycans at the growth zone. The mode of bone formation in anadromous males can be described as 'making bone as fast as possible and with as little material as possible'. Unlike the normal compact bone of the dentary, the new skeletal tissue contains chondrocytes and cartilaginous extracellular matrix. Formation of the skeleton of the kype resembles antler development in deer (a form of regeneration), or hyperostotic bone formation in other teleost fishes, rather than periosteal bone growth. The type of bone formation may be understandable in the light of the animals' starvation and the energetic costs of upstream migration. However, the structured and regulated mode of bone formation suggests that the skeleton of the kype has functional relevance and is not a by-product of hormonal alterations or change of habitat. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Witten, Paul Eckhard Hall, Brian K. |
author_facet |
Witten, Paul Eckhard Hall, Brian K. |
author_sort |
Witten, Paul Eckhard |
title |
Differentiation and growth of kype skeletal tissues in anadromous male Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_short |
Differentiation and growth of kype skeletal tissues in anadromous male Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full |
Differentiation and growth of kype skeletal tissues in anadromous male Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_fullStr |
Differentiation and growth of kype skeletal tissues in anadromous male Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Differentiation and growth of kype skeletal tissues in anadromous male Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_sort |
differentiation and growth of kype skeletal tissues in anadromous male atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
publishDate |
2002 |
url |
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8646187 http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8646187 https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8646187/file/8646189 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-70.967,-70.967,-68.950,-68.950) |
geographic |
The Needles |
geographic_facet |
The Needles |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY ISSN: 0214-6282 ISSN: 1696-3547 |
op_relation |
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8646187 http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8646187 https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8646187/file/8646189 |
op_rights |
No license (in copyright) info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
_version_ |
1768384646941245440 |