The biodiversity of the deep Southern Ocean benthos
Our knowledge of the biodiversity of the Southern Ocean (SO) deep benthos is scarce. In this review, we describe the general biodiversity patterns of meio-, macro- and megafaunal taxa, based on historical and recent expeditions, and against the background of the geological events and phylogenetic re...
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ftunivgent:oai:archive.ugent.be:742264 2024-02-11T09:55:55+01:00 The biodiversity of the deep Southern Ocean benthos Brandt, A. De Broyer, C. De Mesel, I. Ellingsen, K. E. Gooday, A. J. Hilbig, B. Linse, K. Thomson, M. R. A. Tyler, P. A. 2007 application/pdf https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/742264 http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-742264 https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/742264/file/763447 eng eng https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/742264 http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-742264 https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/742264/file/763447 No license (in copyright) info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ISSN: 0962-8436 PORCUPINE ABYSSAL-PLAIN EASTERN WEDDELL SEA ATLANTIC-OCEAN SPECIES-DIVERSITY evolution geological history benthos biodiversity Southern Ocean ISOPODA CRUSTACEA CONTINENTAL MARGINS MEIOFAUNA COMMUNITIES ALLOGROMIID FORAMINIFERA DRAKE PASSAGE SCOTIA SEA journalArticle info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2007 ftunivgent 2024-01-24T23:10:18Z Our knowledge of the biodiversity of the Southern Ocean (SO) deep benthos is scarce. In this review, we describe the general biodiversity patterns of meio-, macro- and megafaunal taxa, based on historical and recent expeditions, and against the background of the geological events and phylogenetic relationships that have influenced the biodiversity and evolution of the investigated taxa. The relationship of the fauna to environmental parameters, such as water depth, sediment type, food availability and carbonate solubility, as well as species interrelationships, probably have shaped present-day biodiversity patterns as much as evolution. However, different taxa exhibit different large-scale biodiversity and biogeographic patterns. Moreover, there is rarely any clear relationship of biodiversity pattern with depth, latitude or environmental parameters, such as sediment composition or grain size. Similarities and differences between the SO biodiversity and biodiversity of global oceans are outlined. The high percentage (often more than 90%) of new species in almost all taxa, as well as the high degree of endemism of many groups, may reflect undersampling of the area, and it is likely to decrease as more information is gathered about SO deep-sea biodiversity by future expeditions. Indeed, among certain taxa such as the Foraminifera, close links at the species level are already apparent between deep Weddell Sea faunas and those from similar depths in the North Atlantic and Arctic. With regard to the vertical zonation from the shelf edge into deep water, biodiversity patterns among some taxa in the SO might differ from those in other deep-sea areas, due to the deep Antarctic shelf and the evolution of eurybathy in many species, as well as to deep-water production that can fuel the SO deep sea with freshly produced organic matter derived not only from phytoplankton, but also from ice algae. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Drake Passage Foraminifera* ice algae North Atlantic Phytoplankton Scotia Sea Southern Ocean Weddell Sea Ghent University Academic Bibliography Antarctic Arctic Drake Passage Scotia Sea Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Ghent University Academic Bibliography |
op_collection_id |
ftunivgent |
language |
English |
topic |
PORCUPINE ABYSSAL-PLAIN EASTERN WEDDELL SEA ATLANTIC-OCEAN SPECIES-DIVERSITY evolution geological history benthos biodiversity Southern Ocean ISOPODA CRUSTACEA CONTINENTAL MARGINS MEIOFAUNA COMMUNITIES ALLOGROMIID FORAMINIFERA DRAKE PASSAGE SCOTIA SEA |
spellingShingle |
PORCUPINE ABYSSAL-PLAIN EASTERN WEDDELL SEA ATLANTIC-OCEAN SPECIES-DIVERSITY evolution geological history benthos biodiversity Southern Ocean ISOPODA CRUSTACEA CONTINENTAL MARGINS MEIOFAUNA COMMUNITIES ALLOGROMIID FORAMINIFERA DRAKE PASSAGE SCOTIA SEA Brandt, A. De Broyer, C. De Mesel, I. Ellingsen, K. E. Gooday, A. J. Hilbig, B. Linse, K. Thomson, M. R. A. Tyler, P. A. The biodiversity of the deep Southern Ocean benthos |
topic_facet |
PORCUPINE ABYSSAL-PLAIN EASTERN WEDDELL SEA ATLANTIC-OCEAN SPECIES-DIVERSITY evolution geological history benthos biodiversity Southern Ocean ISOPODA CRUSTACEA CONTINENTAL MARGINS MEIOFAUNA COMMUNITIES ALLOGROMIID FORAMINIFERA DRAKE PASSAGE SCOTIA SEA |
description |
Our knowledge of the biodiversity of the Southern Ocean (SO) deep benthos is scarce. In this review, we describe the general biodiversity patterns of meio-, macro- and megafaunal taxa, based on historical and recent expeditions, and against the background of the geological events and phylogenetic relationships that have influenced the biodiversity and evolution of the investigated taxa. The relationship of the fauna to environmental parameters, such as water depth, sediment type, food availability and carbonate solubility, as well as species interrelationships, probably have shaped present-day biodiversity patterns as much as evolution. However, different taxa exhibit different large-scale biodiversity and biogeographic patterns. Moreover, there is rarely any clear relationship of biodiversity pattern with depth, latitude or environmental parameters, such as sediment composition or grain size. Similarities and differences between the SO biodiversity and biodiversity of global oceans are outlined. The high percentage (often more than 90%) of new species in almost all taxa, as well as the high degree of endemism of many groups, may reflect undersampling of the area, and it is likely to decrease as more information is gathered about SO deep-sea biodiversity by future expeditions. Indeed, among certain taxa such as the Foraminifera, close links at the species level are already apparent between deep Weddell Sea faunas and those from similar depths in the North Atlantic and Arctic. With regard to the vertical zonation from the shelf edge into deep water, biodiversity patterns among some taxa in the SO might differ from those in other deep-sea areas, due to the deep Antarctic shelf and the evolution of eurybathy in many species, as well as to deep-water production that can fuel the SO deep sea with freshly produced organic matter derived not only from phytoplankton, but also from ice algae. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Brandt, A. De Broyer, C. De Mesel, I. Ellingsen, K. E. Gooday, A. J. Hilbig, B. Linse, K. Thomson, M. R. A. Tyler, P. A. |
author_facet |
Brandt, A. De Broyer, C. De Mesel, I. Ellingsen, K. E. Gooday, A. J. Hilbig, B. Linse, K. Thomson, M. R. A. Tyler, P. A. |
author_sort |
Brandt, A. |
title |
The biodiversity of the deep Southern Ocean benthos |
title_short |
The biodiversity of the deep Southern Ocean benthos |
title_full |
The biodiversity of the deep Southern Ocean benthos |
title_fullStr |
The biodiversity of the deep Southern Ocean benthos |
title_full_unstemmed |
The biodiversity of the deep Southern Ocean benthos |
title_sort |
biodiversity of the deep southern ocean benthos |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/742264 http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-742264 https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/742264/file/763447 |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic Drake Passage Scotia Sea Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic Drake Passage Scotia Sea Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Drake Passage Foraminifera* ice algae North Atlantic Phytoplankton Scotia Sea Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Drake Passage Foraminifera* ice algae North Atlantic Phytoplankton Scotia Sea Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
op_source |
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ISSN: 0962-8436 |
op_relation |
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/742264 http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-742264 https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/742264/file/763447 |
op_rights |
No license (in copyright) info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
_version_ |
1790599541900181504 |