Changes in Holocene climate and the intensity of Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds based on a high-resolution palynological record from sub-Antarctic South Georgia

• Published in: The Holocene
• Main Authors: Strother, Stephanie L, Salzmann, Ulrich, Roberts, Stephen J, Hodgson, Dominic A, Woodward, John, Van Nieuwenhuyze, Wim, Verleyen, Elie, Vyverman, Wim, Moreton, Steven G
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2015
• Subjects: Earth and Environmental Sciences; palynology; Holocene; South Georgia; Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds; sub-Antarctica; vegetation; TIERRA-DEL-FUEGO; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; ORGANIC-MATTER; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; SW PATAGONIA; LOS ESTADOS; ISLAND; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Patagonia; Annenkov Island; Fan Lake; Antarc*; Antarctica; Tierra del Fuego
• Online Access: https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/5904628; http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-5904628; https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683614557576; https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/5904628/file/5904705

Sub-Antarctic South Georgia is a key region for studying climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere, because of its position at the core of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Wind belt and between the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Polar Frontal Zone. Here, we present a 5.8-m long high-resolution pollen record from Fan Lake on Annenkov Island dominated by local sub-polar vegetation, with Acaena and Poaceae being present throughout the last 7000years. Palynological and sedimentological analyses revealed a warm late Holocene climate optimum' between 3790 and 2750 cal. yr BP, which was followed by a gradual transition to cool and wet conditions. This cooling was interrupted by slightly warmer environmental conditions between 1670 and 710 cal. yr BP that partly overlap with the Northern Hemisphere Medieval Climate Anomaly'. Increases in non-native and long-distance pollen grains transported from South America (e.g. Nothofagus, Podocarpus) indicate that stronger Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds over South Georgia possibly occurred during some colder' phases of the late Holocene, most notably between c. 2210 and 1670 cal. yr BP and after 710 cal. yr BP.