Plio-Pleistocene landscape and vegetation reconstruction of the coastal area of the Tjörnes Peninsula, Northern Iceland

Marine and continental deposits from the Tjörnes area in northern Iceland were studied to obtain their pollen/spore content. Six Pollen Zones (PZ) were defined in the Early Pliocene Tjörnes beds and the Early Pleistocene Breidavík Group. The pollen is most diverse during the deposition of the lowest...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Boreas
Main Authors: Verhoeven, Koen, Louwye, Stephen, Eiríksson, Jón
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: 2013
Subjects:
Earth and Environmental Sciences
PLIOCENE
MIOCENE
CLIMATE
PLEISTOCENE SEDIMENTS
Tjörnes
Iceland
Online Access:https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/3028379
http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-3028379
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2012.00279.x
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/3028379/file/4095087
Description
Summary:Marine and continental deposits from the Tjörnes area in northern Iceland were studied to obtain their pollen/spore content. Six Pollen Zones (PZ) were defined in the Early Pliocene Tjörnes beds and the Early Pleistocene Breidavík Group. The pollen is most diverse during the deposition of the lowest Tapes Zone (PZ 1) and the lower part of the overlying Mactra Zone (PZ 2). Local pollen from marshland, levee and foothill forests was deposited on a large coastal plain. The pollen spectrum reflects transgression and deepening during the second part of the Mactra Zone (PZ 3) and the lower part of the Serripes Zone (PZ 4). Gymnosperm pollen derived from the higher inland plateau increases in PZ 3. This background pollen was of minor importance during periods with an extensive coastal plain (PZ 1, 2, 4, 6). PZ 5 did not yield sufficient pollen for analysis. The pollen analysis allowed refinement of the sea-level variations based on sedimentology and molluscs. Pollen of warmth-demanding plants is recorded throughout the Tjörnes beds and the Early Pleistocene interglacial deposits. Warmth-loving species indicate summers 8°C warmer than today during deposition of the Tapes Zone, and at least 5°C warmer during the rest of the Tjörnes beds. The Pliocene vegetation of Iceland matches well that of the present-day western European maritime temperate climate. The drastic cooling at the onset of the Quaternary led to a marked vegetation impoverishment, already noticeable in the Early Pleistocene Breidavík Group.

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