Scavenging of sulphur, halogens and trace metals by volcanic ash: The 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption
The Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption in 2010 released considerable amounts of ash into the high troposphere-low stratosphere, leading to unprecedented disruption of air traffic over Europe. The role of such fine-grained tephra in adsorbing, and therefore rapidly scavenging, volcanogenic volatile e...
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ftunivgeneve:oai:unige.ch:aou:unige:39355 2023-10-01T03:55:49+02:00 Scavenging of sulphur, halogens and trace metals by volcanic ash: The 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption Bagnato, E. Aiuppa, A. Bertagnini, A. Bonadonna, Costanza Cioni, R. Pistolesi, M. Pedone, M. Hoskuldsson, A. 2013 https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:39355 eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.gca.2012.10.048 https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:39355 unige:39355 info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess ISSN: 0016-7037 Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, vol. 103 (2013) p. 138-160 info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Text Article scientifique info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2013 ftunivgeneve https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.10.048 2023-09-07T07:16:39Z The Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption in 2010 released considerable amounts of ash into the high troposphere-low stratosphere, leading to unprecedented disruption of air traffic over Europe. The role of such fine-grained tephra in adsorbing, and therefore rapidly scavenging, volcanogenic volatile elements such as sulphur and halogens, is explored here. We report on results (major to trace element chemistry) of leaching experiments carried out on 20 volcanic ash samples, taken from the deposits of the main phases of the eruption (March–April 2010), or directly while falling (5–9 May 2010). Ash leachate solutions from Eyjafjallajökull are dominated – among cations – by Ca and Na, and display nearly equal S:Cl:F abundances (mean S/Cl and S/F molar ratios of 0.95 and 0.34, respectively). Abundances of major elements on surface minerals from freshly fallen ash are found to increase linearly upon increasing distance from the eruptive vents (a proxy for in-plume residence times). This allows for the formation rates of sulphur- and halogen-bearing surface salts to be quantified (3 × 10−9 to 2 × 10−8 mol m2 s−1), and for the averaged rate of in-plume ash-dissolution to be estimated (1.5 × 10−8 mol m−2 s−1; this sourcing the majority of cation species to soluble surface salts). These fast in-plume heterogeneous reactions are the cause of large volatile depositions: we estimate that 282 tons of elemental S, 605 tons of Cl, and 691 tons of F were daily ground deposited via ash over Iceland in early May 2010. Since fluorine is ∼3 times more rapidly processed in the plume than S and halogens (e.g., F is extremely reactive both in gas and aerosol forms and it is rapidly adsorbed onto ash), ash leachate compositions are in no way representative of S:Cl:F proportions in volcanic gases, and consequently of limited use in eruption monitoring. Article in Journal/Newspaper Eyjafjallajökull Iceland Université de Genève: Archive ouverte UNIGE Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 103 138 160 |
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info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550 Bagnato, E. Aiuppa, A. Bertagnini, A. Bonadonna, Costanza Cioni, R. Pistolesi, M. Pedone, M. Hoskuldsson, A. Scavenging of sulphur, halogens and trace metals by volcanic ash: The 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption |
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info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550 |
description |
The Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption in 2010 released considerable amounts of ash into the high troposphere-low stratosphere, leading to unprecedented disruption of air traffic over Europe. The role of such fine-grained tephra in adsorbing, and therefore rapidly scavenging, volcanogenic volatile elements such as sulphur and halogens, is explored here. We report on results (major to trace element chemistry) of leaching experiments carried out on 20 volcanic ash samples, taken from the deposits of the main phases of the eruption (March–April 2010), or directly while falling (5–9 May 2010). Ash leachate solutions from Eyjafjallajökull are dominated – among cations – by Ca and Na, and display nearly equal S:Cl:F abundances (mean S/Cl and S/F molar ratios of 0.95 and 0.34, respectively). Abundances of major elements on surface minerals from freshly fallen ash are found to increase linearly upon increasing distance from the eruptive vents (a proxy for in-plume residence times). This allows for the formation rates of sulphur- and halogen-bearing surface salts to be quantified (3 × 10−9 to 2 × 10−8 mol m2 s−1), and for the averaged rate of in-plume ash-dissolution to be estimated (1.5 × 10−8 mol m−2 s−1; this sourcing the majority of cation species to soluble surface salts). These fast in-plume heterogeneous reactions are the cause of large volatile depositions: we estimate that 282 tons of elemental S, 605 tons of Cl, and 691 tons of F were daily ground deposited via ash over Iceland in early May 2010. Since fluorine is ∼3 times more rapidly processed in the plume than S and halogens (e.g., F is extremely reactive both in gas and aerosol forms and it is rapidly adsorbed onto ash), ash leachate compositions are in no way representative of S:Cl:F proportions in volcanic gases, and consequently of limited use in eruption monitoring. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bagnato, E. Aiuppa, A. Bertagnini, A. Bonadonna, Costanza Cioni, R. Pistolesi, M. Pedone, M. Hoskuldsson, A. |
author_facet |
Bagnato, E. Aiuppa, A. Bertagnini, A. Bonadonna, Costanza Cioni, R. Pistolesi, M. Pedone, M. Hoskuldsson, A. |
author_sort |
Bagnato, E. |
title |
Scavenging of sulphur, halogens and trace metals by volcanic ash: The 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption |
title_short |
Scavenging of sulphur, halogens and trace metals by volcanic ash: The 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption |
title_full |
Scavenging of sulphur, halogens and trace metals by volcanic ash: The 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption |
title_fullStr |
Scavenging of sulphur, halogens and trace metals by volcanic ash: The 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption |
title_full_unstemmed |
Scavenging of sulphur, halogens and trace metals by volcanic ash: The 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption |
title_sort |
scavenging of sulphur, halogens and trace metals by volcanic ash: the 2010 eyjafjallajökull eruption |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:39355 |
genre |
Eyjafjallajökull Iceland |
genre_facet |
Eyjafjallajökull Iceland |
op_source |
ISSN: 0016-7037 Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, vol. 103 (2013) p. 138-160 |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.gca.2012.10.048 https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:39355 unige:39355 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.10.048 |
container_title |
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta |
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103 |
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138 |
op_container_end_page |
160 |
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