Origin of geochemically heterogeneous mid-ocean ridge basalts from the Macquarie Ridge Complex, SW Pacific

• Published in: Lithos
• Main Authors: Jiang, Qiang, Merle, Renaud E., Jourdan, Fred, Olierook, Hugo K.H., Chiaradia, Massimo, Evans, Katy A., Wang, Xuan-Ce, Conway, Chris E., Bostock, Helen C., Wysoczanski, Richard J.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550; Balleny plume; HIMU; Macquarie Island; Mantle metasomatism; Pyroxenite; Zealandia; New Zealand; Pacific
• Online Access: https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:151434

TheMacquarie Ridge Complex (MRC), located at the Australian–Pacific plate boundary south of New Zealand, is a rugged bathymetric ridge comprising a series of submarine seamounts and Macquarie Island, the only subaerial portion of the complex. Mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) from Macquarie Island show various enrichments in incompatible elements with compositions ranging from typical normal MORB to enriched MORB. However, these basalts have isotopic compositions trending towards a high μ-like (μ=238U/204Pb; HIMU) mantle component, which is unusual for MORB-type rocks. The origin of this mantle signature is not understood, and it is unclear whether this isotopic signature is characteristic of the entire MRC or unique to Macquarie Island. Here we report new major and trace element abundances, and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes for samples from the MRC seamounts and fromnew sampling sites onMacquarie Island. The geochemical and isotopic data show that the entire MRC comprises normal to enriched MORB. Mixing modelling indicates that the heterogeneous isotopic signatures of the MRC basalts are not derived from contamination of the nearby Balleny mantle plume but have affinities with that of the Cenozoic Zealandia intraplate HIMU-like basalts.We propose that the heterogeneous geochemical signatures of the MRC basalts are derived from amphibole-bearing garnet pyroxenite veins, which is supported by the rare earth element partial melting modelling and strong correlations between Nd and Pb isotopic ratios vs La/Sm.We posit that the pyroxenite veins were generated in the oceanic lithospheric mantle, which was metasomatised by hydrous and carbonatitic fluids/melts derived either from delaminated, metasomatised Zealandia subcontinental lithosphere mantle, or from subducted material in the asthenosphere. The subductedmaterial could be derived fromancient and/or recent subduction along the former east Gondwana margin.