Summary: | (a) RCP4.5 climate forcing scenario. ( b ) RCP8.5 climate forcing scenario. The steps represent the optimal strategies to invest in to ensure the maximum number of taxa possible reach an intactness threshold under any given budget. For example, if a budget of $250 M were available under RCP8.5, then the optimal strategy to invest in for an 80% threshold is “Managing and protecting species,” while for a 90% threshold it is “Manage new infrastructure” and “Protecting areas.” Strategy names used here are abbreviated, and abbreviations are given in Table 1 . Budget (over 83 years) is given as PV, where costs are discounted to equivalent present-day 2017 values using a 2% discount rate. Values used to calculate benefit, used in complementarity analysis, were capped at current (100%) intactness (An1). The data underlying this figure can be found in S2 Data . PV, present value; RCP, Representative Concentration Pathway.
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