Sperm pHertility: male gamete responses to ocean acidification and other stressors
Ocean acidification (OA) together with other anthropogenic perturbations is projected to dramatically alter marine environments over the coming centuries. The vast majority of marine species reproduce by freely spawning sperm directly into the water column, where fertilisation can then either be ext...
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University of Exeter
2016
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ftunivexeter:oai:ore.exeter.ac.uk:10871/25994 2024-09-15T18:28:03+00:00 Sperm pHertility: male gamete responses to ocean acidification and other stressors Campbell, Anna Louise Lewis, Ceri Galloway, Tamara Hosken, David 2016 http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25994 en eng University of Exeter Biosciences Campbell, A. L., Mangan, S., Ellis, R. P. and Lewis, C. (2014) Ocean acidification increases copper toxicity to the early life history stages of the polychaete Arenicola marina in artificial seawater. Environmental Science & Technology, 48, 9745-9753. Campbell, A. L., Levitan, D. R., Hosken, D. J. and Lewis, C. (2016) Ocean acidification changes the male fitness landscape. Current Biology, 6, 31250. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25994 2018-08-21 Unpublished research that I am hoping to publish post-PhD Climate change Sperm biology Marine invertebrate Broadcast spawning Evolution Thesis or dissertation PhD in Biological Sciences Doctoral PhD 2016 ftunivexeter 2024-07-29T03:24:15Z Ocean acidification (OA) together with other anthropogenic perturbations is projected to dramatically alter marine environments over the coming centuries. The vast majority of marine species reproduce by freely spawning sperm directly into the water column, where fertilisation can then either be external or a female can draw sperm into a burrow, brooding chamber or onto her external surface. Hence, sperm are now being released into rapidly changing seawater conditions. In this thesis, I firstly assess what is currently known on the potential for OA and other anthropogenic stressors to influence freely spawned sperm in marine invertebrate taxa. I then present a series of experimental chapters investigating the influence of OA, as a single stressor or in conjunction with a second stressor, copper, on sperm function, physiology and competitive fertilisation performance in a range of invertebrate taxa. My research demonstrates that sperm are vulnerable to the projected changes in seawater carbonate chemistry under OA, with responses observed at all biological levels from sperm physiology, swimming performance, fertilisation ecology and sperm competitiveness. In a multi-stressor experiment on polychaete gametes and larvae, I provide empirical evidence that changes to seawater pH under OA can alter the susceptibility of early life stages including sperm, to the common coastal pollutant copper. Sperm DNA damage increased by 150 % and larval survivorship was reduced by 44 % in combined exposures, than when exposed to copper alone. As a single stressor OA also acted to significantly reduce Arenicola marina sperm swimming speeds and fertilisation success. This work was followed up with a mechanistic investigation of A. marina sperm swimming performance under OA conditions. I found that the length of time between spawning and fertilisation can strongly influence the impact of OA on sperm performance. Key fitness-related aspects of sperm functioning declined after several hours under OA conditions, and these declines could ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Ocean acidification University of Exeter: Open Research Exeter (ORE) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Exeter: Open Research Exeter (ORE) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivexeter |
language |
English |
topic |
Climate change Sperm biology Marine invertebrate Broadcast spawning Evolution |
spellingShingle |
Climate change Sperm biology Marine invertebrate Broadcast spawning Evolution Campbell, Anna Louise Sperm pHertility: male gamete responses to ocean acidification and other stressors |
topic_facet |
Climate change Sperm biology Marine invertebrate Broadcast spawning Evolution |
description |
Ocean acidification (OA) together with other anthropogenic perturbations is projected to dramatically alter marine environments over the coming centuries. The vast majority of marine species reproduce by freely spawning sperm directly into the water column, where fertilisation can then either be external or a female can draw sperm into a burrow, brooding chamber or onto her external surface. Hence, sperm are now being released into rapidly changing seawater conditions. In this thesis, I firstly assess what is currently known on the potential for OA and other anthropogenic stressors to influence freely spawned sperm in marine invertebrate taxa. I then present a series of experimental chapters investigating the influence of OA, as a single stressor or in conjunction with a second stressor, copper, on sperm function, physiology and competitive fertilisation performance in a range of invertebrate taxa. My research demonstrates that sperm are vulnerable to the projected changes in seawater carbonate chemistry under OA, with responses observed at all biological levels from sperm physiology, swimming performance, fertilisation ecology and sperm competitiveness. In a multi-stressor experiment on polychaete gametes and larvae, I provide empirical evidence that changes to seawater pH under OA can alter the susceptibility of early life stages including sperm, to the common coastal pollutant copper. Sperm DNA damage increased by 150 % and larval survivorship was reduced by 44 % in combined exposures, than when exposed to copper alone. As a single stressor OA also acted to significantly reduce Arenicola marina sperm swimming speeds and fertilisation success. This work was followed up with a mechanistic investigation of A. marina sperm swimming performance under OA conditions. I found that the length of time between spawning and fertilisation can strongly influence the impact of OA on sperm performance. Key fitness-related aspects of sperm functioning declined after several hours under OA conditions, and these declines could ... |
author2 |
Lewis, Ceri Galloway, Tamara Hosken, David |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Campbell, Anna Louise |
author_facet |
Campbell, Anna Louise |
author_sort |
Campbell, Anna Louise |
title |
Sperm pHertility: male gamete responses to ocean acidification and other stressors |
title_short |
Sperm pHertility: male gamete responses to ocean acidification and other stressors |
title_full |
Sperm pHertility: male gamete responses to ocean acidification and other stressors |
title_fullStr |
Sperm pHertility: male gamete responses to ocean acidification and other stressors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sperm pHertility: male gamete responses to ocean acidification and other stressors |
title_sort |
sperm phertility: male gamete responses to ocean acidification and other stressors |
publisher |
University of Exeter |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25994 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_relation |
Campbell, A. L., Mangan, S., Ellis, R. P. and Lewis, C. (2014) Ocean acidification increases copper toxicity to the early life history stages of the polychaete Arenicola marina in artificial seawater. Environmental Science & Technology, 48, 9745-9753. Campbell, A. L., Levitan, D. R., Hosken, D. J. and Lewis, C. (2016) Ocean acidification changes the male fitness landscape. Current Biology, 6, 31250. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25994 |
op_rights |
2018-08-21 Unpublished research that I am hoping to publish post-PhD |
_version_ |
1810469365726838784 |