Links between Ikaite Morphology, Recrystallised Ikaite Petrography and Glendonite Pseudomorphs Determined from Polar and Deep-Sea Ikaite
This is the final version. Available on open access from MDPI via the DOI in this record Data Availability Statement: Not applicable. Petrography of recrystallised ikaite from Ocean Drilling Program material has been presented previously from Nankai Trough and Congo (ex-Zaire) deep-sea fan. This pap...
Published in: | Minerals |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI
2023
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/134757 https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070841 |
id |
ftunivexeter:oai:ore.exeter.ac.uk:10871/134757 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivexeter:oai:ore.exeter.ac.uk:10871/134757 2024-01-14T10:08:30+01:00 Links between Ikaite Morphology, Recrystallised Ikaite Petrography and Glendonite Pseudomorphs Determined from Polar and Deep-Sea Ikaite Schultz, BP Huggett, J Ullmann, CV Kassens, H Kölling, M 2023 841- http://hdl.handle.net/10871/134757 https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070841 en eng MDPI Minerals, 13(7) orcid:0000-0002-5865-7289 (Ullmann, Clemens V) Vol. 13(7), article 841 https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070841 MFO20.2017-004 http://hdl.handle.net/10871/134757 2075-163X Minerals © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ikaite morphology recrystallised ikaite petrography links to glendonite Article 2023 ftunivexeter https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070841 2023-12-15T00:05:24Z This is the final version. Available on open access from MDPI via the DOI in this record Data Availability Statement: Not applicable. Petrography of recrystallised ikaite from Ocean Drilling Program material has been presented previously from Nankai Trough and Congo (ex-Zaire) deep-sea fan. This paper expands on the Nankai Trough ikaite observations, drawing on evidence from Laptev Sea, South Georgia, Okhotsk Sea, and coastal lagoon Point Barrow. However, even though many ikaite and glendonite sites occur at high latitudes, it cannot be that ikaite forms exclusively in polar environments, as demonstrated by the occurrences in the low latitude low temperature deep sea sediments offshore Gulf of Guinea (Angola Congo) and mid-latitude deep-sea trenches offshore Japan. Recrystallised ikaite occurs as mm large, zoned calcite crystals in all samples, along with secondary phases of calcite. Our data set is unique in that the origin, storage, and recrystallisation process of natural formed ikaite is recorded in detail and confirms that glendonite petrographic characteristics are a consequence of the structure and chemistry of recrystallising ikaite and not the physical or geochemical environment. The transformation of man-made ikaite to calcite as recorded in laboratory studies, is a process very similar to the one we have observed for natural ikaite. Most significant is that there is variation in the order of the calcite types within a single sample, leading to the conclusion that the variation is a consequence of impurities and geochemical variability in the ikaite, not the external environment. Morphological observations reveal similarities in ikaite and glendonite, this and the similarity in internal textures in glendonite and recrystallised ikaite confirms that glendonite may be used as an indicator of past presence of ikaite. Danish Council for Independent Research, Agency for Culture and Palaces Article in Journal/Newspaper laptev Laptev Sea okhotsk sea Point Barrow University of Exeter: Open Research Exeter (ORE) Laptev Sea Okhotsk Lagoon Point ENVELOPE(-36.583,-36.583,-54.183,-54.183) Minerals 13 7 841 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Exeter: Open Research Exeter (ORE) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivexeter |
language |
English |
topic |
ikaite morphology recrystallised ikaite petrography links to glendonite |
spellingShingle |
ikaite morphology recrystallised ikaite petrography links to glendonite Schultz, BP Huggett, J Ullmann, CV Kassens, H Kölling, M Links between Ikaite Morphology, Recrystallised Ikaite Petrography and Glendonite Pseudomorphs Determined from Polar and Deep-Sea Ikaite |
topic_facet |
ikaite morphology recrystallised ikaite petrography links to glendonite |
description |
This is the final version. Available on open access from MDPI via the DOI in this record Data Availability Statement: Not applicable. Petrography of recrystallised ikaite from Ocean Drilling Program material has been presented previously from Nankai Trough and Congo (ex-Zaire) deep-sea fan. This paper expands on the Nankai Trough ikaite observations, drawing on evidence from Laptev Sea, South Georgia, Okhotsk Sea, and coastal lagoon Point Barrow. However, even though many ikaite and glendonite sites occur at high latitudes, it cannot be that ikaite forms exclusively in polar environments, as demonstrated by the occurrences in the low latitude low temperature deep sea sediments offshore Gulf of Guinea (Angola Congo) and mid-latitude deep-sea trenches offshore Japan. Recrystallised ikaite occurs as mm large, zoned calcite crystals in all samples, along with secondary phases of calcite. Our data set is unique in that the origin, storage, and recrystallisation process of natural formed ikaite is recorded in detail and confirms that glendonite petrographic characteristics are a consequence of the structure and chemistry of recrystallising ikaite and not the physical or geochemical environment. The transformation of man-made ikaite to calcite as recorded in laboratory studies, is a process very similar to the one we have observed for natural ikaite. Most significant is that there is variation in the order of the calcite types within a single sample, leading to the conclusion that the variation is a consequence of impurities and geochemical variability in the ikaite, not the external environment. Morphological observations reveal similarities in ikaite and glendonite, this and the similarity in internal textures in glendonite and recrystallised ikaite confirms that glendonite may be used as an indicator of past presence of ikaite. Danish Council for Independent Research, Agency for Culture and Palaces |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Schultz, BP Huggett, J Ullmann, CV Kassens, H Kölling, M |
author_facet |
Schultz, BP Huggett, J Ullmann, CV Kassens, H Kölling, M |
author_sort |
Schultz, BP |
title |
Links between Ikaite Morphology, Recrystallised Ikaite Petrography and Glendonite Pseudomorphs Determined from Polar and Deep-Sea Ikaite |
title_short |
Links between Ikaite Morphology, Recrystallised Ikaite Petrography and Glendonite Pseudomorphs Determined from Polar and Deep-Sea Ikaite |
title_full |
Links between Ikaite Morphology, Recrystallised Ikaite Petrography and Glendonite Pseudomorphs Determined from Polar and Deep-Sea Ikaite |
title_fullStr |
Links between Ikaite Morphology, Recrystallised Ikaite Petrography and Glendonite Pseudomorphs Determined from Polar and Deep-Sea Ikaite |
title_full_unstemmed |
Links between Ikaite Morphology, Recrystallised Ikaite Petrography and Glendonite Pseudomorphs Determined from Polar and Deep-Sea Ikaite |
title_sort |
links between ikaite morphology, recrystallised ikaite petrography and glendonite pseudomorphs determined from polar and deep-sea ikaite |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10871/134757 https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070841 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-36.583,-36.583,-54.183,-54.183) |
geographic |
Laptev Sea Okhotsk Lagoon Point |
geographic_facet |
Laptev Sea Okhotsk Lagoon Point |
genre |
laptev Laptev Sea okhotsk sea Point Barrow |
genre_facet |
laptev Laptev Sea okhotsk sea Point Barrow |
op_relation |
Minerals, 13(7) orcid:0000-0002-5865-7289 (Ullmann, Clemens V) Vol. 13(7), article 841 https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070841 MFO20.2017-004 http://hdl.handle.net/10871/134757 2075-163X Minerals |
op_rights |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070841 |
container_title |
Minerals |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
841 |
_version_ |
1788062919600111616 |