Organic matter from Artic sea ice loss alters bacterial community structure and function

• Published in: Nature Climate Change
• Main Authors: Underwood, Graham, Michel, Christine, Meisterhans, Guillame, Niemi, Andrea, Belzile, Claude, Witt, Matthias, Dumbrell, Alex J, Koch, Boris P
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Nature Research 2019
• Subjects: GC Oceanography; GE Environmental Sciences; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; ice pack; Sea ice
• Online Access: http://repository.essex.ac.uk/23635/; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0391-7; http://repository.essex.ac.uk/23635/1/Underwood%20et%20al%20MS%20version%20accepted%20for%20publication%20Nat%20Clim%20Change.pdf; http://repository.essex.ac.uk/23635/9/Supplementary%20Information%20Underwood%20et%20al%20NCC%20FINAL%20accepted%20for%20publication.pdf

Continuing losses of multi-year sea ice (MYI) across the Arctic are resulting in first-year ice (FYI) dominating the Arctic ice pack. Melting FYI provides a strong seasonal pulse of dissolved organic matter (DOM) into surface waters; however, the biological impact of this DOM input is unknown. Here we show that DOM additions cause significant and contrasting changes in under-ice bacterioplankton abundance, production and species composition. Utilization of DOM was influenced by molecular size, with 10-100 kDa and >100 kDa DOM fractions promoting rapid growth of particular taxa, while uptake of sulfur and nitrogen-rich low molecular weight organic compounds shifted bacterial community composition. These results demonstrate the ecological impacts of DOM released from melting FYI, with wideranging consequences for the cycling of organic matter across regions of the Arctic Ocean transitioning from multi-year to seasonal sea ice as the climate continues to warm.