Photoprotection and antioxidative metabolism in Ulva lactuca exposed to coastal oceanic acidification scenarios in the presence of Irgarol

• Published in: Aquatic Toxicology
• Main Authors: Sousa, Gabriela Tavares, Lima Neto, Milton C., Choueri, Rodrigo Brasil, Castro, Italo Braga
• Other Authors: Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V. 2021
• Subjects: Antioxidant metabolism; Photosynthesis; Triazine; NPQ; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/209811; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105717

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Processo FAPESP: 2018/0458-6 CNPq: 423583/2018-2 CAPES: 001 CNPq: PQ 302713/2018-2 CNPq: PQ 301766/2019-3 Anthropogenic changes such as ocean acidification, eutrophication, and the release of hazardous chemicals affect coastal environments and aquatic organisms. We investigated the effects of seawater pH (7.4 and 8.2) isolated and in combination with Irgarol on Ulva lactuca. Stress indicators such as membrane damage, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide content were assessed. In addition, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. The photosynthetic yield was affected by low pH in assays with and without Irgarol. However, the combination of low pH and Irgarol promoted photoinhibition, besides the induction of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and changes in photosynthetic pigment contents. The induction of NPQ was directly influenced by low pH. The membrane damage was increased in low pH with and without Irgarol exposure. Total soluble protein and carbohydrate contents decreased in low pH, and in presence of Irgarol. The H2O2 content and lipid pemxidation were not affected by low pH. In contrast, Irgaml exposure strongly increased lipid peroxidation in both pHs, suggesting a possible synergistic effect. To avoid the harmful effects of high H2O2, U. lactuca increased antioxidant enzyme activities in treatments under low pH and in presence of Irgaml. Our results indicate that U. lactuca is tolerant to low pH by inducing NPQ, changing pigment contents, and increasing antioxidant defenses. In contrast, these protective mechanisms could not avoid the harmful effects of the combination with Irgaml.