Near-surface stratification due to ice melt biases Arctic air-sea CO2 flux estimates
Air-sea carbon dioxide (CO2) flux is generally estimated by the bulk method using upper ocean CO2 fugacity measurements. In the summertime Arctic, sea-ice melt results in stratification within the upper ocean (top ∼10 m), which can bias bulk CO2 flux estimates when the seawater CO2 fugacity is taken...
Published in: | Geophysical Research Letters |
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2021
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Online Access: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/82091/ https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/82091/1/Accepted_Manuscript.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095266 |
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ftuniveastangl:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:82091 2023-08-27T04:06:42+02:00 Near-surface stratification due to ice melt biases Arctic air-sea CO2 flux estimates Dong, Yuanxu Yang, Mingxi Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Liss, Peter S. Kitidis, Vassilis Brown, Ian Chierici, Melissa Fransson, Agneta Bell, Thomas G. 2021-11-28 application/pdf https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/82091/ https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/82091/1/Accepted_Manuscript.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095266 en eng https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/82091/1/Accepted_Manuscript.pdf Dong, Yuanxu, Yang, Mingxi, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Liss, Peter S., Kitidis, Vassilis, Brown, Ian, Chierici, Melissa, Fransson, Agneta and Bell, Thomas G. (2021) Near-surface stratification due to ice melt biases Arctic air-sea CO2 flux estimates. Geophysical Research Letters, 48 (22). ISSN 0094-8276 doi:10.1029/2021GL095266 cc_by Article PeerReviewed 2021 ftuniveastangl https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095266 2023-08-03T22:32:25Z Air-sea carbon dioxide (CO2) flux is generally estimated by the bulk method using upper ocean CO2 fugacity measurements. In the summertime Arctic, sea-ice melt results in stratification within the upper ocean (top ∼10 m), which can bias bulk CO2 flux estimates when the seawater CO2 fugacity is taken from a ship’s seawater inlet at ∼6 m depth (fCO2w_bulk). Direct flux measurements by eddy covariance are unaffected by near-surface stratification. We use eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements to infer sea surface CO2 fugacity (fCO2w_surface) in the Arctic Ocean. In sea-ice melt regions, fCO2w_surface values are consistently lower than fCO2w_bulk by an average of 39 µatm. Lower fCO2w_surface can be partially accounted for by fresher (≥ 27%) and colder (17%) melt waters. A back-of-the-envelope calculation shows that neglecting the summertime sea-ice melt could lead to a 6–17% underestimate of the annual Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice University of East Anglia: UEA Digital Repository Arctic Arctic Ocean Geophysical Research Letters 48 22 |
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Open Polar |
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University of East Anglia: UEA Digital Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftuniveastangl |
language |
English |
description |
Air-sea carbon dioxide (CO2) flux is generally estimated by the bulk method using upper ocean CO2 fugacity measurements. In the summertime Arctic, sea-ice melt results in stratification within the upper ocean (top ∼10 m), which can bias bulk CO2 flux estimates when the seawater CO2 fugacity is taken from a ship’s seawater inlet at ∼6 m depth (fCO2w_bulk). Direct flux measurements by eddy covariance are unaffected by near-surface stratification. We use eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements to infer sea surface CO2 fugacity (fCO2w_surface) in the Arctic Ocean. In sea-ice melt regions, fCO2w_surface values are consistently lower than fCO2w_bulk by an average of 39 µatm. Lower fCO2w_surface can be partially accounted for by fresher (≥ 27%) and colder (17%) melt waters. A back-of-the-envelope calculation shows that neglecting the summertime sea-ice melt could lead to a 6–17% underestimate of the annual Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Dong, Yuanxu Yang, Mingxi Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Liss, Peter S. Kitidis, Vassilis Brown, Ian Chierici, Melissa Fransson, Agneta Bell, Thomas G. |
spellingShingle |
Dong, Yuanxu Yang, Mingxi Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Liss, Peter S. Kitidis, Vassilis Brown, Ian Chierici, Melissa Fransson, Agneta Bell, Thomas G. Near-surface stratification due to ice melt biases Arctic air-sea CO2 flux estimates |
author_facet |
Dong, Yuanxu Yang, Mingxi Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Liss, Peter S. Kitidis, Vassilis Brown, Ian Chierici, Melissa Fransson, Agneta Bell, Thomas G. |
author_sort |
Dong, Yuanxu |
title |
Near-surface stratification due to ice melt biases Arctic air-sea CO2 flux estimates |
title_short |
Near-surface stratification due to ice melt biases Arctic air-sea CO2 flux estimates |
title_full |
Near-surface stratification due to ice melt biases Arctic air-sea CO2 flux estimates |
title_fullStr |
Near-surface stratification due to ice melt biases Arctic air-sea CO2 flux estimates |
title_full_unstemmed |
Near-surface stratification due to ice melt biases Arctic air-sea CO2 flux estimates |
title_sort |
near-surface stratification due to ice melt biases arctic air-sea co2 flux estimates |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/82091/ https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/82091/1/Accepted_Manuscript.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095266 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
op_relation |
https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/82091/1/Accepted_Manuscript.pdf Dong, Yuanxu, Yang, Mingxi, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Liss, Peter S., Kitidis, Vassilis, Brown, Ian, Chierici, Melissa, Fransson, Agneta and Bell, Thomas G. (2021) Near-surface stratification due to ice melt biases Arctic air-sea CO2 flux estimates. Geophysical Research Letters, 48 (22). ISSN 0094-8276 doi:10.1029/2021GL095266 |
op_rights |
cc_by |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095266 |
container_title |
Geophysical Research Letters |
container_volume |
48 |
container_issue |
22 |
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1775347522379710464 |