Cold-water corals in the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean exposed to aragonite undersaturation if the 2 °C global warming target is not met
The net uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is changing the ocean's chemical state. Such changes, commonly known as ocean acidification, include a reduction in pH and the carbonate ion concentration ([CO32−]), which in turn lowers oceanic saturation states (Ω) for calcium carbona...
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2021
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ftuniveastangl:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:79654 2023-06-06T11:55:19+02:00 Cold-water corals in the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean exposed to aragonite undersaturation if the 2 °C global warming target is not met García-Ibáñez, Maribel I. Bates, Nicholas R. Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Fontela, Marcos Velo, Antón 2021-06 application/pdf https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/79654/ https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/79654/1/Published_Version.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103480 en eng https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/79654/1/Published_Version.pdf García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Bates, Nicholas R., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Fontela, Marcos and Velo, Antón (2021) Cold-water corals in the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean exposed to aragonite undersaturation if the 2 °C global warming target is not met. Global and Planetary Change, 201. ISSN 0921-8181 doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103480 cc_by Article PeerReviewed 2021 ftuniveastangl https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103480 2023-04-13T22:32:18Z The net uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is changing the ocean's chemical state. Such changes, commonly known as ocean acidification, include a reduction in pH and the carbonate ion concentration ([CO32−]), which in turn lowers oceanic saturation states (Ω) for calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals. The Ω values for aragonite (Ωaragonite; one of the main CaCO3 minerals formed by marine calcifying organisms) influence the calcification rate and geographic distribution of cold-water corals (CWCs), important for biodiversity. Here, high-quality measurements, collected on thirteen cruises along the same track during 1991–2018, are used to determine the long-term changes in Ω aragonite in the Irminger and Iceland Basins of the North Atlantic Ocean, providing the first trends of Ωaragonite in the deep waters of these basins. The entire water column of both basins showed significant negative Ωaragonite trends between −0.0014 ± 0.0002 and −0.0052 ± 0.0007 per year. The decrease in Ω aragonite in the intermediate waters, where nearly half of the CWC reefs of the study region are located, caused the Ωaragonite isolines to rapidly migrate upwards at a rate between 6 and 34 m per year. The main driver of the decline in Ωaragonite in the Irminger and Iceland Basins was the increase in anthropogenic CO2. But this was partially offset by increases in salinity (in Subpolar Mode Water), enhanced ventilation (in upper Labrador Sea Water), and increases in alkalinity (in classical Labrador Sea Water, cLSW; and overflow waters). We also found that water mass aging reinforced the Ωaragonite decrease in cLSW. Based on these Ωaragonite trends over the last three decades, we project that the entire water column of the Irminger and Iceland Basins will likely be undersaturated for aragonite when in equilibrium with an atmospheric mole fraction of CO2 (xCO2) of ~880 ppmv, corresponding to climate model projections for the end of the century based on the highest CO2 emission scenarios. However, intermediate waters will ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Labrador Sea North Atlantic Ocean acidification University of East Anglia: UEA Digital Repository Global and Planetary Change 201 103480 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of East Anglia: UEA Digital Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftuniveastangl |
language |
English |
description |
The net uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is changing the ocean's chemical state. Such changes, commonly known as ocean acidification, include a reduction in pH and the carbonate ion concentration ([CO32−]), which in turn lowers oceanic saturation states (Ω) for calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals. The Ω values for aragonite (Ωaragonite; one of the main CaCO3 minerals formed by marine calcifying organisms) influence the calcification rate and geographic distribution of cold-water corals (CWCs), important for biodiversity. Here, high-quality measurements, collected on thirteen cruises along the same track during 1991–2018, are used to determine the long-term changes in Ω aragonite in the Irminger and Iceland Basins of the North Atlantic Ocean, providing the first trends of Ωaragonite in the deep waters of these basins. The entire water column of both basins showed significant negative Ωaragonite trends between −0.0014 ± 0.0002 and −0.0052 ± 0.0007 per year. The decrease in Ω aragonite in the intermediate waters, where nearly half of the CWC reefs of the study region are located, caused the Ωaragonite isolines to rapidly migrate upwards at a rate between 6 and 34 m per year. The main driver of the decline in Ωaragonite in the Irminger and Iceland Basins was the increase in anthropogenic CO2. But this was partially offset by increases in salinity (in Subpolar Mode Water), enhanced ventilation (in upper Labrador Sea Water), and increases in alkalinity (in classical Labrador Sea Water, cLSW; and overflow waters). We also found that water mass aging reinforced the Ωaragonite decrease in cLSW. Based on these Ωaragonite trends over the last three decades, we project that the entire water column of the Irminger and Iceland Basins will likely be undersaturated for aragonite when in equilibrium with an atmospheric mole fraction of CO2 (xCO2) of ~880 ppmv, corresponding to climate model projections for the end of the century based on the highest CO2 emission scenarios. However, intermediate waters will ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
García-Ibáñez, Maribel I. Bates, Nicholas R. Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Fontela, Marcos Velo, Antón |
spellingShingle |
García-Ibáñez, Maribel I. Bates, Nicholas R. Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Fontela, Marcos Velo, Antón Cold-water corals in the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean exposed to aragonite undersaturation if the 2 °C global warming target is not met |
author_facet |
García-Ibáñez, Maribel I. Bates, Nicholas R. Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Fontela, Marcos Velo, Antón |
author_sort |
García-Ibáñez, Maribel I. |
title |
Cold-water corals in the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean exposed to aragonite undersaturation if the 2 °C global warming target is not met |
title_short |
Cold-water corals in the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean exposed to aragonite undersaturation if the 2 °C global warming target is not met |
title_full |
Cold-water corals in the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean exposed to aragonite undersaturation if the 2 °C global warming target is not met |
title_fullStr |
Cold-water corals in the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean exposed to aragonite undersaturation if the 2 °C global warming target is not met |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cold-water corals in the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean exposed to aragonite undersaturation if the 2 °C global warming target is not met |
title_sort |
cold-water corals in the subpolar north atlantic ocean exposed to aragonite undersaturation if the 2 °c global warming target is not met |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/79654/ https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/79654/1/Published_Version.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103480 |
genre |
Iceland Labrador Sea North Atlantic Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Iceland Labrador Sea North Atlantic Ocean acidification |
op_relation |
https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/79654/1/Published_Version.pdf García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Bates, Nicholas R., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Fontela, Marcos and Velo, Antón (2021) Cold-water corals in the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean exposed to aragonite undersaturation if the 2 °C global warming target is not met. Global and Planetary Change, 201. ISSN 0921-8181 doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103480 |
op_rights |
cc_by |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103480 |
container_title |
Global and Planetary Change |
container_volume |
201 |
container_start_page |
103480 |
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1767962319358263296 |