Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans
A climatological mean distribution for the surface water pCO2 over the global oceans in non-El Niño conditions has been constructed with spatial resolution of 4° (latitude) ×5° (longitude) for a reference year 2000 based upon about 3 million measurements of surface water pCO2 obtained from 1970 to 2...
Published in: | Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
2009
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/24452/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009 |
id |
ftuniveastangl:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:24452 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftuniveastangl:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:24452 2023-05-15T17:36:43+02:00 Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans Takahashi, Taro Sutherland, Stewart C. Wanninkhof, Rik Sweeney, Colm Feely, Richard A. Chipman, David W. Hales, Burke Friederich, Gernot Chavez, Francisco Sabine, Christopher Watson, Andrew Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Schuster, Ute Metzl, Nicolas Yoshikawa-Inoue, Hisayuki Ishii, Masao Midorikawa, Takashi Nojiri, Yukihiro Kortzinger, Arne Steinhoff, Tobias Hoppema, Mario Olafsson, Jon Arnarson, Thorarinn S. Tilbrook, Bronte Johannessen, Truls Olsen, Are Bellerby, Richard Wong, C. S. Delille, Bruno Bates, N. R. de Baar, Hein J. W. 2009 https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/24452/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009 unknown Takahashi, Taro, Sutherland, Stewart C., Wanninkhof, Rik, Sweeney, Colm, Feely, Richard A., Chipman, David W., Hales, Burke, Friederich, Gernot, Chavez, Francisco, Sabine, Christopher, Watson, Andrew, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Schuster, Ute, Metzl, Nicolas, Yoshikawa-Inoue, Hisayuki, Ishii, Masao, Midorikawa, Takashi, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Kortzinger, Arne, Steinhoff, Tobias, Hoppema, Mario, Olafsson, Jon, Arnarson, Thorarinn S., Tilbrook, Bronte, Johannessen, Truls, Olsen, Are, Bellerby, Richard, Wong, C. S., Delille, Bruno, Bates, N. R. and de Baar, Hein J. W. (2009) Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56 (8-10). pp. 554-577. ISSN 1879-0100 doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009 Article PeerReviewed 2009 ftuniveastangl https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009 2023-03-23T23:31:28Z A climatological mean distribution for the surface water pCO2 over the global oceans in non-El Niño conditions has been constructed with spatial resolution of 4° (latitude) ×5° (longitude) for a reference year 2000 based upon about 3 million measurements of surface water pCO2 obtained from 1970 to 2007. The database used for this study is about 3 times larger than the 0.94 million used for our earlier paper [Takahashi et al., 2002. Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects. Deep-Sea Res. II, 49, 1601-1622]. A time-trend analysis using deseasonalized surface water pCO2 data in portions of the North Atlantic, North and South Pacific and Southern Oceans (which cover about 27% of the global ocean areas) indicates that the surface water pCO2 over these oceanic areas has increased on average at a mean rate of 1.5 µatm y-1 with basin-specific rates varying between 1.2±0.5 and 2.1±0.4 µatm y-1. A global ocean database for a single reference year 2000 is assembled using this mean rate for correcting observations made in different years to the reference year. The observations made during El Niño periods in the equatorial Pacific and those made in coastal zones are excluded from the database. Seasonal changes in the surface water pCO2 and the sea-air pCO2 difference over four climatic zones in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Southern Oceans are presented. Over the Southern Ocean seasonal ice zone, the seasonality is complex. Although it cannot be thoroughly documented due to the limited extent of observations, seasonal changes in pCO2 are approximated by using the data for under-ice waters during austral winter and those for the marginal ice and ice-free zones. The net air-sea CO2 flux is estimated using the sea-air pCO2 difference and the air-sea gas transfer rate that is parameterized as a function of (wind speed)2 with a scaling factor of 0.26. This is estimated by inverting the bomb 14C data using Ocean General Circulation models and the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Southern Ocean University of East Anglia: UEA Digital Repository Austral Indian Pacific Southern Ocean Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 56 8-10 554 577 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of East Anglia: UEA Digital Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftuniveastangl |
language |
unknown |
description |
A climatological mean distribution for the surface water pCO2 over the global oceans in non-El Niño conditions has been constructed with spatial resolution of 4° (latitude) ×5° (longitude) for a reference year 2000 based upon about 3 million measurements of surface water pCO2 obtained from 1970 to 2007. The database used for this study is about 3 times larger than the 0.94 million used for our earlier paper [Takahashi et al., 2002. Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects. Deep-Sea Res. II, 49, 1601-1622]. A time-trend analysis using deseasonalized surface water pCO2 data in portions of the North Atlantic, North and South Pacific and Southern Oceans (which cover about 27% of the global ocean areas) indicates that the surface water pCO2 over these oceanic areas has increased on average at a mean rate of 1.5 µatm y-1 with basin-specific rates varying between 1.2±0.5 and 2.1±0.4 µatm y-1. A global ocean database for a single reference year 2000 is assembled using this mean rate for correcting observations made in different years to the reference year. The observations made during El Niño periods in the equatorial Pacific and those made in coastal zones are excluded from the database. Seasonal changes in the surface water pCO2 and the sea-air pCO2 difference over four climatic zones in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Southern Oceans are presented. Over the Southern Ocean seasonal ice zone, the seasonality is complex. Although it cannot be thoroughly documented due to the limited extent of observations, seasonal changes in pCO2 are approximated by using the data for under-ice waters during austral winter and those for the marginal ice and ice-free zones. The net air-sea CO2 flux is estimated using the sea-air pCO2 difference and the air-sea gas transfer rate that is parameterized as a function of (wind speed)2 with a scaling factor of 0.26. This is estimated by inverting the bomb 14C data using Ocean General Circulation models and the ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Takahashi, Taro Sutherland, Stewart C. Wanninkhof, Rik Sweeney, Colm Feely, Richard A. Chipman, David W. Hales, Burke Friederich, Gernot Chavez, Francisco Sabine, Christopher Watson, Andrew Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Schuster, Ute Metzl, Nicolas Yoshikawa-Inoue, Hisayuki Ishii, Masao Midorikawa, Takashi Nojiri, Yukihiro Kortzinger, Arne Steinhoff, Tobias Hoppema, Mario Olafsson, Jon Arnarson, Thorarinn S. Tilbrook, Bronte Johannessen, Truls Olsen, Are Bellerby, Richard Wong, C. S. Delille, Bruno Bates, N. R. de Baar, Hein J. W. |
spellingShingle |
Takahashi, Taro Sutherland, Stewart C. Wanninkhof, Rik Sweeney, Colm Feely, Richard A. Chipman, David W. Hales, Burke Friederich, Gernot Chavez, Francisco Sabine, Christopher Watson, Andrew Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Schuster, Ute Metzl, Nicolas Yoshikawa-Inoue, Hisayuki Ishii, Masao Midorikawa, Takashi Nojiri, Yukihiro Kortzinger, Arne Steinhoff, Tobias Hoppema, Mario Olafsson, Jon Arnarson, Thorarinn S. Tilbrook, Bronte Johannessen, Truls Olsen, Are Bellerby, Richard Wong, C. S. Delille, Bruno Bates, N. R. de Baar, Hein J. W. Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans |
author_facet |
Takahashi, Taro Sutherland, Stewart C. Wanninkhof, Rik Sweeney, Colm Feely, Richard A. Chipman, David W. Hales, Burke Friederich, Gernot Chavez, Francisco Sabine, Christopher Watson, Andrew Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Schuster, Ute Metzl, Nicolas Yoshikawa-Inoue, Hisayuki Ishii, Masao Midorikawa, Takashi Nojiri, Yukihiro Kortzinger, Arne Steinhoff, Tobias Hoppema, Mario Olafsson, Jon Arnarson, Thorarinn S. Tilbrook, Bronte Johannessen, Truls Olsen, Are Bellerby, Richard Wong, C. S. Delille, Bruno Bates, N. R. de Baar, Hein J. W. |
author_sort |
Takahashi, Taro |
title |
Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans |
title_short |
Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans |
title_full |
Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans |
title_fullStr |
Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans |
title_full_unstemmed |
Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans |
title_sort |
climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pco2, and net sea-air co2 flux over the global oceans |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/24452/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009 |
geographic |
Austral Indian Pacific Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Austral Indian Pacific Southern Ocean |
genre |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
Takahashi, Taro, Sutherland, Stewart C., Wanninkhof, Rik, Sweeney, Colm, Feely, Richard A., Chipman, David W., Hales, Burke, Friederich, Gernot, Chavez, Francisco, Sabine, Christopher, Watson, Andrew, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Schuster, Ute, Metzl, Nicolas, Yoshikawa-Inoue, Hisayuki, Ishii, Masao, Midorikawa, Takashi, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Kortzinger, Arne, Steinhoff, Tobias, Hoppema, Mario, Olafsson, Jon, Arnarson, Thorarinn S., Tilbrook, Bronte, Johannessen, Truls, Olsen, Are, Bellerby, Richard, Wong, C. S., Delille, Bruno, Bates, N. R. and de Baar, Hein J. W. (2009) Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56 (8-10). pp. 554-577. ISSN 1879-0100 doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009 |
container_title |
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
container_volume |
56 |
container_issue |
8-10 |
container_start_page |
554 |
op_container_end_page |
577 |
_version_ |
1766136295806992384 |