Late-20th-century changes in glacier extent in the Caucasus Mountains, Russia/Georgia.
Glaciers occupy an area of ∼1600 km2 in the Caucasus Mountains. There is widespread evidence of retreat since the Little Ice Age, but an up-to-date regional assessment of glacier change is lacking. In this paper, satellite imagery (Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) is used t...
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ftunivdurham:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:2800 2023-05-15T16:57:32+02:00 Late-20th-century changes in glacier extent in the Caucasus Mountains, Russia/Georgia. Stokes, C.R. Gurney, S.D. Shahgedanova, M. Popovnin, V. 2006-01 application/pdf http://dro.dur.ac.uk/2800/ http://dro.dur.ac.uk/2800/1/2800.pdf https://doi.org/10.3189/172756506781828827 unknown International Glaciological Society dro:2800 issn:0022-1430 issn: 1727-5652 doi:10.3189/172756506781828827 http://dro.dur.ac.uk/2800/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756506781828827 http://dro.dur.ac.uk/2800/1/2800.pdf © 2006 International Glaciological Society Journal of glaciology, 2006, Vol.52(176), pp.99-109 [Peer Reviewed Journal] Article PeerReviewed 2006 ftunivdurham https://doi.org/10.3189/172756506781828827 2020-05-28T22:26:03Z Glaciers occupy an area of ∼1600 km2 in the Caucasus Mountains. There is widespread evidence of retreat since the Little Ice Age, but an up-to-date regional assessment of glacier change is lacking. In this paper, satellite imagery (Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) is used to obtain the terminus position of 113 glaciers in the central Caucasus in 1985 and 2000, using a manual delineation process based on a false-colour composite (bands 5, 4, 3). Measurements reveal that 94% of the glaciers have retreated, 4% exhibited no overall change and 2% advanced. The mean retreat rate equates to ∼8 m a−1, and maximum retreat rates approach ∼38 m a−1. The largest (>10 km2) glaciers retreated twice as much (∼12 m a−1) as the smallest (<1 km2) glaciers (∼6 m a−1), and glaciers at lower elevations generally retreated greater distances. Supraglacial debris cover has increased in association with glacier retreat, and the surface area of bare ice has reduced by ∼10% between 1985 and 2000. Results are compared to declassified Corona imagery from the 1960s and 1970s and detailed field measurements and mass-balance data for Djankuat glacier, central Caucasus. It is concluded that the decrease in glacier area appears to be primarily driven by increasing temperatures since the 1970s and especially since the mid-1990s. Continued retreat could lead to considerable changes in glacier runoff, with implications for regional water resources. Article in Journal/Newspaper Journal of Glaciology Durham University: Durham Research Online Journal of Glaciology 52 176 99 109 |
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Open Polar |
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Durham University: Durham Research Online |
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ftunivdurham |
language |
unknown |
description |
Glaciers occupy an area of ∼1600 km2 in the Caucasus Mountains. There is widespread evidence of retreat since the Little Ice Age, but an up-to-date regional assessment of glacier change is lacking. In this paper, satellite imagery (Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) is used to obtain the terminus position of 113 glaciers in the central Caucasus in 1985 and 2000, using a manual delineation process based on a false-colour composite (bands 5, 4, 3). Measurements reveal that 94% of the glaciers have retreated, 4% exhibited no overall change and 2% advanced. The mean retreat rate equates to ∼8 m a−1, and maximum retreat rates approach ∼38 m a−1. The largest (>10 km2) glaciers retreated twice as much (∼12 m a−1) as the smallest (<1 km2) glaciers (∼6 m a−1), and glaciers at lower elevations generally retreated greater distances. Supraglacial debris cover has increased in association with glacier retreat, and the surface area of bare ice has reduced by ∼10% between 1985 and 2000. Results are compared to declassified Corona imagery from the 1960s and 1970s and detailed field measurements and mass-balance data for Djankuat glacier, central Caucasus. It is concluded that the decrease in glacier area appears to be primarily driven by increasing temperatures since the 1970s and especially since the mid-1990s. Continued retreat could lead to considerable changes in glacier runoff, with implications for regional water resources. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Stokes, C.R. Gurney, S.D. Shahgedanova, M. Popovnin, V. |
spellingShingle |
Stokes, C.R. Gurney, S.D. Shahgedanova, M. Popovnin, V. Late-20th-century changes in glacier extent in the Caucasus Mountains, Russia/Georgia. |
author_facet |
Stokes, C.R. Gurney, S.D. Shahgedanova, M. Popovnin, V. |
author_sort |
Stokes, C.R. |
title |
Late-20th-century changes in glacier extent in the Caucasus Mountains, Russia/Georgia. |
title_short |
Late-20th-century changes in glacier extent in the Caucasus Mountains, Russia/Georgia. |
title_full |
Late-20th-century changes in glacier extent in the Caucasus Mountains, Russia/Georgia. |
title_fullStr |
Late-20th-century changes in glacier extent in the Caucasus Mountains, Russia/Georgia. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Late-20th-century changes in glacier extent in the Caucasus Mountains, Russia/Georgia. |
title_sort |
late-20th-century changes in glacier extent in the caucasus mountains, russia/georgia. |
publisher |
International Glaciological Society |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
http://dro.dur.ac.uk/2800/ http://dro.dur.ac.uk/2800/1/2800.pdf https://doi.org/10.3189/172756506781828827 |
genre |
Journal of Glaciology |
genre_facet |
Journal of Glaciology |
op_source |
Journal of glaciology, 2006, Vol.52(176), pp.99-109 [Peer Reviewed Journal] |
op_relation |
dro:2800 issn:0022-1430 issn: 1727-5652 doi:10.3189/172756506781828827 http://dro.dur.ac.uk/2800/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756506781828827 http://dro.dur.ac.uk/2800/1/2800.pdf |
op_rights |
© 2006 International Glaciological Society |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756506781828827 |
container_title |
Journal of Glaciology |
container_volume |
52 |
container_issue |
176 |
container_start_page |
99 |
op_container_end_page |
109 |
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1766049095009435648 |