Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea.
The Pliocene was a time of global warmth with small sporadic glaciations, which transitioned towards the larger-scale Pleistocene glacial–interglacial variability. Here, we present high-resolution records of sea surface temperature (SST) and ice-rafted debris (IRD) in the Norwegian Sea from 5.32 to...
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Copernicus Publications
2017
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Online Access: | http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22918/ http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22918/2/22918.pdf http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22918/1/22918.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017 |
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ftunivdurham:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:22918 2023-05-15T15:08:31+02:00 Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea. Bachem, Paul E. Risebrobakken, Bjørg De Schepper, Stijn McClymont, Erin L. 2017-09-11 application/pdf http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22918/ http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22918/2/22918.pdf http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22918/1/22918.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017 unknown Copernicus Publications dro:22918 issn:1814-9324 issn: 1814-9332 doi:10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017 http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22918/ https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017 http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22918/2/22918.pdf http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22918/1/22918.pdf © Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. CC-BY Climate of the past, 2017, Vol.13(9), pp.1153-1168 [Peer Reviewed Journal] Article PeerReviewed 2017 ftunivdurham https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017 2020-05-28T22:38:15Z The Pliocene was a time of global warmth with small sporadic glaciations, which transitioned towards the larger-scale Pleistocene glacial–interglacial variability. Here, we present high-resolution records of sea surface temperature (SST) and ice-rafted debris (IRD) in the Norwegian Sea from 5.32 to 3.14 Ma, providing evidence that the Pliocene surface conditions of the Norwegian Sea underwent a series of transitions in response to orbital forcing and gateway changes. Average SSTs are 2 °C above the regional Holocene mean, with notable variability on millennial to orbital timescales. Both gradual changes and threshold effects are proposed for the progression of regional climate towards the Late Pliocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Cooling from 4.5 to 4.3 Ma may be linked to the onset of poleward flow through the Bering Strait. This cooling was further intensified by a period of cool summers due to weak obliquity forcing. A 7 °C warming of the Norwegian Sea at 4.0 Ma suggests a major increase in northward heat transport from the North Atlantic, leading to an enhanced zonal SST gradient in the Nordic Seas, which may be linked to the expansion of sea ice in the Arctic and Nordic Seas. A warm Norwegian Sea and enhanced zonal temperature gradient between 4.0 and 3.6 Ma may have been a priming factor for increased glaciation around the Nordic Seas due to enhanced evaporation and precipitation at high northern latitudes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Bering Strait Nordic Seas North Atlantic Norwegian Sea Sea ice Durham University: Durham Research Online Arctic Bering Strait Norwegian Sea Climate of the Past 13 9 1153 1168 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Durham University: Durham Research Online |
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ftunivdurham |
language |
unknown |
description |
The Pliocene was a time of global warmth with small sporadic glaciations, which transitioned towards the larger-scale Pleistocene glacial–interglacial variability. Here, we present high-resolution records of sea surface temperature (SST) and ice-rafted debris (IRD) in the Norwegian Sea from 5.32 to 3.14 Ma, providing evidence that the Pliocene surface conditions of the Norwegian Sea underwent a series of transitions in response to orbital forcing and gateway changes. Average SSTs are 2 °C above the regional Holocene mean, with notable variability on millennial to orbital timescales. Both gradual changes and threshold effects are proposed for the progression of regional climate towards the Late Pliocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Cooling from 4.5 to 4.3 Ma may be linked to the onset of poleward flow through the Bering Strait. This cooling was further intensified by a period of cool summers due to weak obliquity forcing. A 7 °C warming of the Norwegian Sea at 4.0 Ma suggests a major increase in northward heat transport from the North Atlantic, leading to an enhanced zonal SST gradient in the Nordic Seas, which may be linked to the expansion of sea ice in the Arctic and Nordic Seas. A warm Norwegian Sea and enhanced zonal temperature gradient between 4.0 and 3.6 Ma may have been a priming factor for increased glaciation around the Nordic Seas due to enhanced evaporation and precipitation at high northern latitudes. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bachem, Paul E. Risebrobakken, Bjørg De Schepper, Stijn McClymont, Erin L. |
spellingShingle |
Bachem, Paul E. Risebrobakken, Bjørg De Schepper, Stijn McClymont, Erin L. Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea. |
author_facet |
Bachem, Paul E. Risebrobakken, Bjørg De Schepper, Stijn McClymont, Erin L. |
author_sort |
Bachem, Paul E. |
title |
Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea. |
title_short |
Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea. |
title_full |
Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea. |
title_fullStr |
Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea. |
title_sort |
highly variable pliocene sea surface conditions in the norwegian sea. |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22918/ http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22918/2/22918.pdf http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22918/1/22918.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017 |
geographic |
Arctic Bering Strait Norwegian Sea |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Bering Strait Norwegian Sea |
genre |
Arctic Bering Strait Nordic Seas North Atlantic Norwegian Sea Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Bering Strait Nordic Seas North Atlantic Norwegian Sea Sea ice |
op_source |
Climate of the past, 2017, Vol.13(9), pp.1153-1168 [Peer Reviewed Journal] |
op_relation |
dro:22918 issn:1814-9324 issn: 1814-9332 doi:10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017 http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22918/ https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017 http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22918/2/22918.pdf http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22918/1/22918.pdf |
op_rights |
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017 |
container_title |
Climate of the Past |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
1153 |
op_container_end_page |
1168 |
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1766339862895525888 |