Rootless cone eruption processes informed by dissected tephra deposits and conduits.
Rootless cones result from the explosive interaction between lava flows and underlying water-saturated sediment or volcaniclastic deposits. Rootless explosions can represent a significant far-field hazard during basaltic eruptions, but there are few detailed studies of their deposits. A rootless con...
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ftunivdurham:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:16257 2023-05-15T16:50:56+02:00 Rootless cone eruption processes informed by dissected tephra deposits and conduits. Reynolds, P.R. Brown, R.J. Thordarson, T. Llewellin, E. Fielding, K. 2015-09-01 application/pdf http://dro.dur.ac.uk/16257/ http://dro.dur.ac.uk/16257/1/16257.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0958-3 unknown Springer dro:16257 issn:0258-8900 issn: 1432-0819 doi:10.1007/s00445-015-0958-3 http://dro.dur.ac.uk/16257/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0958-3 http://dro.dur.ac.uk/16257/1/16257.pdf The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0958-3. Bulletin of volcanology, 2015, Vol.77(9), pp.72 [Peer Reviewed Journal] Rootless cones Basalt lava Pāhoehoe Columbia River Basalt Province Lava–water interaction Article PeerReviewed 2015 ftunivdurham https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0958-3 2020-06-11T22:23:07Z Rootless cones result from the explosive interaction between lava flows and underlying water-saturated sediment or volcaniclastic deposits. Rootless explosions can represent a significant far-field hazard during basaltic eruptions, but there are few detailed studies of their deposits. A rootless cone field in the 8.5 Ma Ice Harbor flow field of the Columbia River Basalt Province, NW USA, is revealed by sections through rootless conduit and cone structures. The Ice Harbor lava flow hosting the rootless cones was emplaced across a floodplain or lacustrine environment that had recently been mantled by a layer of silicic volcanic ash from a major explosive eruption. Our observations indicate a two-stage growth model for the rootless cones: (1) initial explosions generated sediment-rich tephra emplaced by fallout and pyroclastic density currents and (2) later weaker explosions that generated spatter-rich fountains. Variable explosive activity resulted in a wide range of pyroclast morphologies and vesicularities. Cross-sections through funnel-shaped conduits also show how the conduits were constructed and stabilised. The growth model is consistent with decreasing water availability with time, as inferred for rootless cones described in Iceland. The Ice Harbor rootless cones provide further lithological data to help distinguish between rootless cone-derived tephra and tephra generated above an erupting dyke. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Durham University: Durham Research Online Bulletin of Volcanology 77 9 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Durham University: Durham Research Online |
op_collection_id |
ftunivdurham |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Rootless cones Basalt lava Pāhoehoe Columbia River Basalt Province Lava–water interaction |
spellingShingle |
Rootless cones Basalt lava Pāhoehoe Columbia River Basalt Province Lava–water interaction Reynolds, P.R. Brown, R.J. Thordarson, T. Llewellin, E. Fielding, K. Rootless cone eruption processes informed by dissected tephra deposits and conduits. |
topic_facet |
Rootless cones Basalt lava Pāhoehoe Columbia River Basalt Province Lava–water interaction |
description |
Rootless cones result from the explosive interaction between lava flows and underlying water-saturated sediment or volcaniclastic deposits. Rootless explosions can represent a significant far-field hazard during basaltic eruptions, but there are few detailed studies of their deposits. A rootless cone field in the 8.5 Ma Ice Harbor flow field of the Columbia River Basalt Province, NW USA, is revealed by sections through rootless conduit and cone structures. The Ice Harbor lava flow hosting the rootless cones was emplaced across a floodplain or lacustrine environment that had recently been mantled by a layer of silicic volcanic ash from a major explosive eruption. Our observations indicate a two-stage growth model for the rootless cones: (1) initial explosions generated sediment-rich tephra emplaced by fallout and pyroclastic density currents and (2) later weaker explosions that generated spatter-rich fountains. Variable explosive activity resulted in a wide range of pyroclast morphologies and vesicularities. Cross-sections through funnel-shaped conduits also show how the conduits were constructed and stabilised. The growth model is consistent with decreasing water availability with time, as inferred for rootless cones described in Iceland. The Ice Harbor rootless cones provide further lithological data to help distinguish between rootless cone-derived tephra and tephra generated above an erupting dyke. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Reynolds, P.R. Brown, R.J. Thordarson, T. Llewellin, E. Fielding, K. |
author_facet |
Reynolds, P.R. Brown, R.J. Thordarson, T. Llewellin, E. Fielding, K. |
author_sort |
Reynolds, P.R. |
title |
Rootless cone eruption processes informed by dissected tephra deposits and conduits. |
title_short |
Rootless cone eruption processes informed by dissected tephra deposits and conduits. |
title_full |
Rootless cone eruption processes informed by dissected tephra deposits and conduits. |
title_fullStr |
Rootless cone eruption processes informed by dissected tephra deposits and conduits. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Rootless cone eruption processes informed by dissected tephra deposits and conduits. |
title_sort |
rootless cone eruption processes informed by dissected tephra deposits and conduits. |
publisher |
Springer |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://dro.dur.ac.uk/16257/ http://dro.dur.ac.uk/16257/1/16257.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0958-3 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Bulletin of volcanology, 2015, Vol.77(9), pp.72 [Peer Reviewed Journal] |
op_relation |
dro:16257 issn:0258-8900 issn: 1432-0819 doi:10.1007/s00445-015-0958-3 http://dro.dur.ac.uk/16257/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0958-3 http://dro.dur.ac.uk/16257/1/16257.pdf |
op_rights |
The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0958-3. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0958-3 |
container_title |
Bulletin of Volcanology |
container_volume |
77 |
container_issue |
9 |
_version_ |
1766041043363430400 |