Atmospheric effects in Scotland of the AD 1783–84 Laki eruption in Iceland
Daily weather diaries and meteorological records from Scotland reveal complex weather patterns following the 1783–84 fissure eruption of the Laki volcano, Iceland. Four diarists in eastern and northern Scotland describe the near-simultaneous occurrence of discrete groups of days characterised by ‘fo...
Published in: | The Holocene |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2021
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Online Access: | https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/b317ee06-10b1-4e49-9e55-288ed06554fb https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620988052 https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/files/56228128/0959683620988052.pdf http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100490304&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
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ftunivdundeepure:oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:publications/b317ee06-10b1-4e49-9e55-288ed06554fb 2024-06-23T07:53:57+00:00 Atmospheric effects in Scotland of the AD 1783–84 Laki eruption in Iceland Dawson, Alastair G. Kirkbride, Martin P. Cole, Harriet 2021-05 application/pdf https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/b317ee06-10b1-4e49-9e55-288ed06554fb https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620988052 https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/files/56228128/0959683620988052.pdf http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100490304&partnerID=8YFLogxK eng eng https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/b317ee06-10b1-4e49-9e55-288ed06554fb info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Dawson , A G , Kirkbride , M P & Cole , H 2021 , ' Atmospheric effects in Scotland of the AD 1783–84 Laki eruption in Iceland ' , The Holocene , vol. 31 , no. 5 , pp. 830-843 . https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620988052 Iceland Laki eruption Little Ice Age Scotland climate change weather diaries /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2306 name=Global and Planetary Change /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1200/1204 name=Archaeology /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2303 name=Ecology /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1904 name=Earth-Surface Processes /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1911 name=Palaeontology article 2021 ftunivdundeepure https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620988052 2024-06-04T15:19:53Z Daily weather diaries and meteorological records from Scotland reveal complex weather patterns following the 1783–84 fissure eruption of the Laki volcano, Iceland. Four diarists in eastern and northern Scotland describe the near-simultaneous occurrence of discrete groups of days characterised by ‘foggy’, ‘gloomy’ and ‘hazy’ conditions during June and July 1783. The weather records suggest that an ash-rich portion of the initial plume may have arrived synchronously across eastern Scotland on June 15th, 5 days after the first eruption in Iceland, and lingered for between 5 and 7 days. Following a 3-day interval of fine weather, a sulphurous haze arrived on June 24th and persisted for the rest of the summer. As the summer progressed air pollution episodes became shorter, less frequent and more influenced by air pressure fluctuations. The effect of the eruption on Scotland’s climate is unclear although a negative air temperature anomaly of 1.5°C to 2.5°C below the decadal average occurred in September 1783 lasting for 16 days at Dalkeith and 33 days at Fochabers. The 1783–84 winter in Scotland was one of the coldest in recent centuries and was accompanied by prolonged snow and frost through the first 4 months of 1784. During this period, temperatures in eastern Scotland averaged 2.0°C to 2.6°C below the decadal average. The duration and amplitude of post-eruption negative temperature anomalies appear to have been strongly associated with synoptic air pressure and wind flow patterns and not simply related to volcanically-forced cooling. This challenges the hypothesis that the Laki eruptions were responsible for the sustained lowering of air temperatures over the three successive winters of 1783–84, 1784–85 and 1785–86. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Discovery - University of Dundee Online Publications Laki ENVELOPE(-18.237,-18.237,64.070,64.070) The Holocene 31 5 830 843 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Discovery - University of Dundee Online Publications |
op_collection_id |
ftunivdundeepure |
language |
English |
topic |
Iceland Laki eruption Little Ice Age Scotland climate change weather diaries /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2306 name=Global and Planetary Change /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1200/1204 name=Archaeology /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2303 name=Ecology /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1904 name=Earth-Surface Processes /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1911 name=Palaeontology |
spellingShingle |
Iceland Laki eruption Little Ice Age Scotland climate change weather diaries /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2306 name=Global and Planetary Change /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1200/1204 name=Archaeology /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2303 name=Ecology /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1904 name=Earth-Surface Processes /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1911 name=Palaeontology Dawson, Alastair G. Kirkbride, Martin P. Cole, Harriet Atmospheric effects in Scotland of the AD 1783–84 Laki eruption in Iceland |
topic_facet |
Iceland Laki eruption Little Ice Age Scotland climate change weather diaries /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2306 name=Global and Planetary Change /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1200/1204 name=Archaeology /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2303 name=Ecology /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1904 name=Earth-Surface Processes /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1911 name=Palaeontology |
description |
Daily weather diaries and meteorological records from Scotland reveal complex weather patterns following the 1783–84 fissure eruption of the Laki volcano, Iceland. Four diarists in eastern and northern Scotland describe the near-simultaneous occurrence of discrete groups of days characterised by ‘foggy’, ‘gloomy’ and ‘hazy’ conditions during June and July 1783. The weather records suggest that an ash-rich portion of the initial plume may have arrived synchronously across eastern Scotland on June 15th, 5 days after the first eruption in Iceland, and lingered for between 5 and 7 days. Following a 3-day interval of fine weather, a sulphurous haze arrived on June 24th and persisted for the rest of the summer. As the summer progressed air pollution episodes became shorter, less frequent and more influenced by air pressure fluctuations. The effect of the eruption on Scotland’s climate is unclear although a negative air temperature anomaly of 1.5°C to 2.5°C below the decadal average occurred in September 1783 lasting for 16 days at Dalkeith and 33 days at Fochabers. The 1783–84 winter in Scotland was one of the coldest in recent centuries and was accompanied by prolonged snow and frost through the first 4 months of 1784. During this period, temperatures in eastern Scotland averaged 2.0°C to 2.6°C below the decadal average. The duration and amplitude of post-eruption negative temperature anomalies appear to have been strongly associated with synoptic air pressure and wind flow patterns and not simply related to volcanically-forced cooling. This challenges the hypothesis that the Laki eruptions were responsible for the sustained lowering of air temperatures over the three successive winters of 1783–84, 1784–85 and 1785–86. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Dawson, Alastair G. Kirkbride, Martin P. Cole, Harriet |
author_facet |
Dawson, Alastair G. Kirkbride, Martin P. Cole, Harriet |
author_sort |
Dawson, Alastair G. |
title |
Atmospheric effects in Scotland of the AD 1783–84 Laki eruption in Iceland |
title_short |
Atmospheric effects in Scotland of the AD 1783–84 Laki eruption in Iceland |
title_full |
Atmospheric effects in Scotland of the AD 1783–84 Laki eruption in Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Atmospheric effects in Scotland of the AD 1783–84 Laki eruption in Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atmospheric effects in Scotland of the AD 1783–84 Laki eruption in Iceland |
title_sort |
atmospheric effects in scotland of the ad 1783–84 laki eruption in iceland |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/b317ee06-10b1-4e49-9e55-288ed06554fb https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620988052 https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/files/56228128/0959683620988052.pdf http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100490304&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-18.237,-18.237,64.070,64.070) |
geographic |
Laki |
geographic_facet |
Laki |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Dawson , A G , Kirkbride , M P & Cole , H 2021 , ' Atmospheric effects in Scotland of the AD 1783–84 Laki eruption in Iceland ' , The Holocene , vol. 31 , no. 5 , pp. 830-843 . https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620988052 |
op_relation |
https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/b317ee06-10b1-4e49-9e55-288ed06554fb |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620988052 |
container_title |
The Holocene |
container_volume |
31 |
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5 |
container_start_page |
830 |
op_container_end_page |
843 |
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1802645855226822656 |