Rapid changes in the surface carbonate system under complex mixing schemes across the Bering Sea: a comparative study of a forward voyage in July and a return voyage in September 2018

• Published in: Frontiers in Marine Science
• Main Authors: Yang, Wei, Wu, Yingxu, Cai, Wei-Jun, Ouyang, Zhangxian, Zhuang, Yanpei, Chen, Liqi, Qi, Di
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers in Marine Science 2023
• Subjects: Bering Sea; partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2); spatial variability; temporal dynamics; air-sea CO2 flux; controlling processes; Anadyr; Anadyr River; Anadyr’; Bering Strait; Pacific; Anadyr'
• Online Access: https://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/33032

This article was originally published in Frontiers in Marine Science. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1107646. © 2023 Yang, Wu, Cai, Ouyang, Zhuang, Chen and Qi. Regulated by the rapid changes in temperature, mixing, and biological production during warm seasons, the surface carbonate system in the Bering Sea is subject to significant spatial-temporal variability. However, the seasonal evolution of the carbon cycle and its controls are less clear due to the lack of observations. Here, we present the carbonate data collected during a forward voyage in July and a return voyage in September 2018 across the Bering Sea. For both voyages, we show distinct dissolved inorganic carbon versus total alkalinity (DIC-TA) relationships and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) distribution patterns in the Southern Basin (54-57°N), the Northern Basin (57-59°N), the Slope (59-61°N), the Shelf (61-64°N), and the Bering Strait (>64°N). In the Southern Basin, the Northern Basin, and the Slope, surface water was a two end-member mixing of Rainwater and Bering Summer Water (BSW) during the forward voyage and a two end-member mixing of North Pacific Surface Water (NPSW) and BSW during the return voyage. As a result, the observed DIC was almost consistent with the conservative mixing line, with a slight DIC addition/removal of -8.6~5.8 µmol kg-1, suggesting low biological production/respiration during both voyages. Seasonally, the higher factions of NPSW featuring low pCO2 during the return voyage dominated the pCO2 drawdown from July to September in the Southern Basin and the Slope. On the Shelf, the surface water was a two end-member mixing of plume water from the Anadyr River and BSW during both voyages, but the decreased DIC consumption via biological production from 59.9 ± 25.8 µmol kg-1 to 34.8 ± 14.0 µmol kg-1 contributed to the pCO2 increase from July to September. In the Bering Strait, the coastal area was characterized by the influence of plume water from the Anadyr River in July and ...