Half a century of genetic interaction between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon: status of knowledge and unanswered questions
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is one of the best researched fishes, and its aquaculture plays a global role in the blue revolution. However, since the 1970s, tens of millions of farmed salmon have escaped into the wild. We review current knowledge of genetic interactions and identify the unanswered...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3834 https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12214 |
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ftunivcollcork:oai:cora.ucc.ie:10468/3834 2023-08-27T04:08:31+02:00 Half a century of genetic interaction between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon: status of knowledge and unanswered questions Glover, Kevin A. Solberg, Monica F. McGinnity, Philip Hindar, Kjetil Verspoor, Eric Coulson, Mark W. Hansen, Michael M. Araki, Hitoshi Skaala, Øystein Svåsand, Terje 2017-03 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3834 https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12214 en eng John Wiley & Sons Ltd Glover, K. A., Solberg, M. F., McGinnity, P., Hindar, K., Verspoor, E., Coulson, M. W., Hansen, M. M., Araki, H., Skaala, Ø and Svåsand, T. (2017) ‘Half a century of genetic interaction between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon: status of knowledge and unanswered questions’, Fish and Fisheries, 2017, pp. 1-38. doi:10.1111/faf.12214 doi:10.1111/faf.12214 38 1467-2979 Fish And Fisheries 1 http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3834 © 2017, the Authors. Fish and Fisheries published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Aquaculture Evolution Fish farming Fitness Genetic Hybrid Article (peer-reviewed) 2017 ftunivcollcork https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12214 2023-08-06T14:31:27Z Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is one of the best researched fishes, and its aquaculture plays a global role in the blue revolution. However, since the 1970s, tens of millions of farmed salmon have escaped into the wild. We review current knowledge of genetic interactions and identify the unanswered questions. Native salmon populations are typically genetically distinct from each other and potentially locally adapted. Farmed salmon represent a limited number of wild source populations that have been exposed to ≥12 generations of domestication. Consequently, farmed and wild salmon differ in many traits including molecular-genetic polymorphisms, growth, morphology, life history, behaviour, physiology and gene transcription. Field experiments have demonstrated that the offspring of farmed salmon display lower lifetime fitness in the wild than wild salmon and that following introgression, there is a reduced production of genetically wild salmon and, potentially, of total salmon production. It is a formidable task to estimate introgression of farmed salmon in wild populations where they are not exotic. New methods have revealed introgression in half of ~150 Norwegian populations, with point estimates as high as 47%, and an unweighted average of 6.4% across 109 populations. Outside Norway, introgression remains unquantified, and in all regions, biological changes and the mechanisms driving population-specific impacts remain poorly documented. Nevertheless, existing knowledge shows that the long-term consequences of introgression is expected to lead to changes in life-history traits, reduced population productivity and decreased resilience to future challenges. Only a major reduction in the number of escapees and/or sterility of farmed salmon can eliminate further impacts. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar University College Cork, Ireland: Cork Open Research Archive (CORA) Norway Fish and Fisheries 18 5 890 927 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University College Cork, Ireland: Cork Open Research Archive (CORA) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivcollcork |
language |
English |
topic |
Aquaculture Evolution Fish farming Fitness Genetic Hybrid |
spellingShingle |
Aquaculture Evolution Fish farming Fitness Genetic Hybrid Glover, Kevin A. Solberg, Monica F. McGinnity, Philip Hindar, Kjetil Verspoor, Eric Coulson, Mark W. Hansen, Michael M. Araki, Hitoshi Skaala, Øystein Svåsand, Terje Half a century of genetic interaction between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon: status of knowledge and unanswered questions |
topic_facet |
Aquaculture Evolution Fish farming Fitness Genetic Hybrid |
description |
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is one of the best researched fishes, and its aquaculture plays a global role in the blue revolution. However, since the 1970s, tens of millions of farmed salmon have escaped into the wild. We review current knowledge of genetic interactions and identify the unanswered questions. Native salmon populations are typically genetically distinct from each other and potentially locally adapted. Farmed salmon represent a limited number of wild source populations that have been exposed to ≥12 generations of domestication. Consequently, farmed and wild salmon differ in many traits including molecular-genetic polymorphisms, growth, morphology, life history, behaviour, physiology and gene transcription. Field experiments have demonstrated that the offspring of farmed salmon display lower lifetime fitness in the wild than wild salmon and that following introgression, there is a reduced production of genetically wild salmon and, potentially, of total salmon production. It is a formidable task to estimate introgression of farmed salmon in wild populations where they are not exotic. New methods have revealed introgression in half of ~150 Norwegian populations, with point estimates as high as 47%, and an unweighted average of 6.4% across 109 populations. Outside Norway, introgression remains unquantified, and in all regions, biological changes and the mechanisms driving population-specific impacts remain poorly documented. Nevertheless, existing knowledge shows that the long-term consequences of introgression is expected to lead to changes in life-history traits, reduced population productivity and decreased resilience to future challenges. Only a major reduction in the number of escapees and/or sterility of farmed salmon can eliminate further impacts. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Glover, Kevin A. Solberg, Monica F. McGinnity, Philip Hindar, Kjetil Verspoor, Eric Coulson, Mark W. Hansen, Michael M. Araki, Hitoshi Skaala, Øystein Svåsand, Terje |
author_facet |
Glover, Kevin A. Solberg, Monica F. McGinnity, Philip Hindar, Kjetil Verspoor, Eric Coulson, Mark W. Hansen, Michael M. Araki, Hitoshi Skaala, Øystein Svåsand, Terje |
author_sort |
Glover, Kevin A. |
title |
Half a century of genetic interaction between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon: status of knowledge and unanswered questions |
title_short |
Half a century of genetic interaction between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon: status of knowledge and unanswered questions |
title_full |
Half a century of genetic interaction between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon: status of knowledge and unanswered questions |
title_fullStr |
Half a century of genetic interaction between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon: status of knowledge and unanswered questions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Half a century of genetic interaction between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon: status of knowledge and unanswered questions |
title_sort |
half a century of genetic interaction between farmed and wild atlantic salmon: status of knowledge and unanswered questions |
publisher |
John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3834 https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12214 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
Glover, K. A., Solberg, M. F., McGinnity, P., Hindar, K., Verspoor, E., Coulson, M. W., Hansen, M. M., Araki, H., Skaala, Ø and Svåsand, T. (2017) ‘Half a century of genetic interaction between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon: status of knowledge and unanswered questions’, Fish and Fisheries, 2017, pp. 1-38. doi:10.1111/faf.12214 doi:10.1111/faf.12214 38 1467-2979 Fish And Fisheries 1 http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3834 |
op_rights |
© 2017, the Authors. Fish and Fisheries published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12214 |
container_title |
Fish and Fisheries |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
890 |
op_container_end_page |
927 |
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1775349326018510848 |