Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans
Ocean deoxygenation is one of the major consequences of climate change. In coastal waters, this process can be exacerbated by eutrophication, which is contributing to an alarming increase in the so-called ‘dead zones’ globally. Despite its severity, the effect of reduced dissolved oxygen has only be...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10468/12580 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16013 |
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ftunivcollcork:oai:cora.ucc.ie:10468/12580 2023-08-27T04:11:22+02:00 Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans Micaroni, Valerio Strano, Francesca McAllen, Rob Woods, Lisa Turner, John Harman, Luke Bell, James J. 2021-12-01 application/pdf application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document http://hdl.handle.net/10468/12580 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16013 en eng John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Micaroni, V., Strano, F., McAllen, R., Woods, L., Turner J., Harman, L. and Bell, J. J. (2022) 'Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans', Global Change Biology, 28, pp. 1972-1989. doi:10.1111/gcb.16013 doi:10.1111/gcb.16013 1365-2486 1989 Global Change Biology 1972 http://hdl.handle.net/10468/12580 28 © 2021, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Micaroni, V., Strano, F., McAllen, R., Woods, L., Turner J., Harman, L. and Bell, J. J. (2022) 'Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans', Global Change Biology, 28, pp. 1972-1989. doi:10.1111/gcb.16013, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16013. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. Climate change Dead zones Eeutrophication Evolution Hypoxic events Marine benthic hypoxia Oxygen depletion Phenotypic plasticity Porifera Sessile organisms Article (peer-reviewed) 2021 ftunivcollcork https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16013 2023-08-06T14:30:44Z Ocean deoxygenation is one of the major consequences of climate change. In coastal waters, this process can be exacerbated by eutrophication, which is contributing to an alarming increase in the so-called ‘dead zones’ globally. Despite its severity, the effect of reduced dissolved oxygen has only been studied for a very limited number of organisms, compared to other climate change impacts such as ocean acidification and warming. Here, we experimentally assessed the response of sponges to moderate and severe simulated hypoxic events. We ran three laboratory experiments on four species from two different temperate oceans (NE Atlantic and SW Pacific). Sponges were exposed to a total of five hypoxic treatments, with increasing severity (3.3, 1.6, 0.5, 0.4 and 0.13 mg O2 L−1, over 7–12-days). We found that sponges are generally very tolerant of hypoxia. All the sponges survived in the experimental conditions, except Polymastia crocea, which showed significant mortality at the lowest oxygen concentration (0.13 mg O2 L−1, lethal median time: 286 h). In all species except Suberites carnosus, hypoxic conditions do not significantly affect respiration rate down to 0.4 mg O2 L−1, showing that sponges can uptake oxygen at very low concentrations in the surrounding environment. Importantly, sponges displayed species-specific phenotypic modifications in response to the hypoxic treatments, including physiological, morphological and behavioural changes. This phenotypic plasticity likely represents an adaptive strategy to live in reduced or low oxygen water. Our results also show that a single sponge species (i.e., Suberites australiensis) can display different strategies at different oxygen concentrations. Compared to other sessile organisms, sponges generally showed higher tolerance to hypoxia, suggesting that sponges could be favoured and survive in future deoxygenated oceans. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification University College Cork, Ireland: Cork Open Research Archive (CORA) Pacific Global Change Biology 28 6 1972 1989 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University College Cork, Ireland: Cork Open Research Archive (CORA) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivcollcork |
language |
English |
topic |
Climate change Dead zones Eeutrophication Evolution Hypoxic events Marine benthic hypoxia Oxygen depletion Phenotypic plasticity Porifera Sessile organisms |
spellingShingle |
Climate change Dead zones Eeutrophication Evolution Hypoxic events Marine benthic hypoxia Oxygen depletion Phenotypic plasticity Porifera Sessile organisms Micaroni, Valerio Strano, Francesca McAllen, Rob Woods, Lisa Turner, John Harman, Luke Bell, James J. Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans |
topic_facet |
Climate change Dead zones Eeutrophication Evolution Hypoxic events Marine benthic hypoxia Oxygen depletion Phenotypic plasticity Porifera Sessile organisms |
description |
Ocean deoxygenation is one of the major consequences of climate change. In coastal waters, this process can be exacerbated by eutrophication, which is contributing to an alarming increase in the so-called ‘dead zones’ globally. Despite its severity, the effect of reduced dissolved oxygen has only been studied for a very limited number of organisms, compared to other climate change impacts such as ocean acidification and warming. Here, we experimentally assessed the response of sponges to moderate and severe simulated hypoxic events. We ran three laboratory experiments on four species from two different temperate oceans (NE Atlantic and SW Pacific). Sponges were exposed to a total of five hypoxic treatments, with increasing severity (3.3, 1.6, 0.5, 0.4 and 0.13 mg O2 L−1, over 7–12-days). We found that sponges are generally very tolerant of hypoxia. All the sponges survived in the experimental conditions, except Polymastia crocea, which showed significant mortality at the lowest oxygen concentration (0.13 mg O2 L−1, lethal median time: 286 h). In all species except Suberites carnosus, hypoxic conditions do not significantly affect respiration rate down to 0.4 mg O2 L−1, showing that sponges can uptake oxygen at very low concentrations in the surrounding environment. Importantly, sponges displayed species-specific phenotypic modifications in response to the hypoxic treatments, including physiological, morphological and behavioural changes. This phenotypic plasticity likely represents an adaptive strategy to live in reduced or low oxygen water. Our results also show that a single sponge species (i.e., Suberites australiensis) can display different strategies at different oxygen concentrations. Compared to other sessile organisms, sponges generally showed higher tolerance to hypoxia, suggesting that sponges could be favoured and survive in future deoxygenated oceans. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Micaroni, Valerio Strano, Francesca McAllen, Rob Woods, Lisa Turner, John Harman, Luke Bell, James J. |
author_facet |
Micaroni, Valerio Strano, Francesca McAllen, Rob Woods, Lisa Turner, John Harman, Luke Bell, James J. |
author_sort |
Micaroni, Valerio |
title |
Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans |
title_short |
Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans |
title_full |
Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans |
title_fullStr |
Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans |
title_full_unstemmed |
Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans |
title_sort |
adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans |
publisher |
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10468/12580 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16013 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_relation |
Micaroni, V., Strano, F., McAllen, R., Woods, L., Turner J., Harman, L. and Bell, J. J. (2022) 'Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans', Global Change Biology, 28, pp. 1972-1989. doi:10.1111/gcb.16013 doi:10.1111/gcb.16013 1365-2486 1989 Global Change Biology 1972 http://hdl.handle.net/10468/12580 28 |
op_rights |
© 2021, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Micaroni, V., Strano, F., McAllen, R., Woods, L., Turner J., Harman, L. and Bell, J. J. (2022) 'Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans', Global Change Biology, 28, pp. 1972-1989. doi:10.1111/gcb.16013, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16013. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16013 |
container_title |
Global Change Biology |
container_volume |
28 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1972 |
op_container_end_page |
1989 |
_version_ |
1775354082841591808 |