The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87
In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration reported the first-ever event-horizon-scale images of a black hole, resolving the central compact radio source in the giant elliptical galaxy M 87. These images reveal a ring with a southerly brightness distribution and a diameter of ∼42...
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
EDP Sciences
2024
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/50449/ https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/50449/1/aa47932-23.pdf https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361%2F202347932 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347932 |
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ftunivclancas:oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:50449 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Central Lancashire: CLOK - Central Lancashire Online Knowledge |
op_collection_id |
ftunivclancas |
language |
English |
topic |
F500 - Astronomy |
spellingShingle |
F500 - Astronomy Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Violette Impellizzeri, C. M. Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Jones, Adam C. Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Kofuji, Yutaro Koch, Patrick M. Koyama, Shoko Kramer, Carsten Kramer, Joana A. Kramer, Michael Krichbaum, Thomas P. Kuo, Cheng-Yu La Bella, Noemi Lee, Sang-Sung Levis, Aviad Li, Zhiyuan Lico, Rocco Lindahl, Greg Lindqvist, Michael Lisakov, Mikhail Liu, Jun Liu, Kuo Liuzzo, Elisabetta Lo, Wen-Ping Lobanov, Andrei P. Loinard, Laurent Lonsdale, Colin J. Lowitz, Amy E. Lu, Ru-Sen MacDonald, Nicholas R. Mao, Jirong Marchili, Nicola Markoff, Sera Marrone, Daniel P. Marscher, Alan P. Martí-Vidal, Iván Matsushita, Satoki Matthews, Lynn D. Medeiros, Lia Menten, Karl M. Mizuno, Izumi Mizuno, Yosuke Montgomery, Joshua Moran, James M. Moriyama, Kotaro Moscibrodzka, Monika Mulaudzi, Wanga Müller, Cornelia Müller, Hendrik Mus, Alejandro Musoke, Gibwa Myserlis, Ioannis Nagai, Hiroshi Nagar, Neil M. Nakamura, Masanori Narayanan, Gopal Natarajan, Iniyan Nathanail, Antonios Fuentes, Santiago Navarro Neilsen, Joey Ni, Chunchong Nowak, Michael A. Oh, Junghwan Okino, Hiroki Olivares, Héctor Oyama, Tomoaki Özel, Feryal Palumbo, Daniel C. M. Paraschos, Georgios Filippos Park, Jongho Parsons, Harriet Patel, Nimesh Pen, Ue-Li Pesce, Dominic W. Piétu, Vincent PopStefanija, Aleksandar Porth, Oliver Prather, Ben Psaltis, Dimitrios Pu, Hung-Yi Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Rao, Ramprasad Rawlings, Mark G. Raymond, Alexander W. Rezzolla, Luciano Ricarte, Angelo Ripperda, Bart Roelofs, Freek Romero-Cañizales, Cristina Ros, Eduardo Roshanineshat, Arash Rottmann, Helge Roy, Alan L. Ruiz, Ignacio Ruszczyk, Chet Rygl, Kazi L. J. Sánchez, Salvador Sánchez-Argüelles, David Sánchez-Portal, Miguel Sasada, Mahito Satapathy, Kaushik Savolainen, Tuomas Schloerb, F. Peter Schonfeld, Jonathan Schuster, Karl-Friedrich Shao, Lijing Shen, Zhiqiang Small, Des Sohn, Bong Won SooHoo, Jason Salas, León David Sosapanta Souccar, Kamal Stanway, Joshua S. Sun, He Tazaki, Fumie Tetarenko, Alexandra J. Tiede, Paul Tilanus, Remo P. J. Titus, Michael Toma, Kenji Torne, Pablo Toscano, Teresa Traianou, Efthalia Trent, Tyler Trippe, Sascha Turk, Matthew van Bemmel, Ilse van Langevelde, Huib Jan van Rossum, Daniel R. Vos, Jesse Wagner, Jan Ward-Thompson, Derek Wardle, John Washington, Jasmin E. Weintroub, Jonathan Wharton, Robert Wielgus, Maciek Wiik, Kaj Witzel, Gunther Wondrak, Michael F. Wong, George N. Wu, Qingwen Yadlapalli, Nitika Yamaguchi, Paul Yfantis, Aristomenis Yoon, Doosoo Young, André Younsi, Ziri Yu, Wei Yuan, Feng Yuan, Ye-Fei Anton Zensus, J. Zhang, Shuo Zhao, Guang-Yao Zhao, Shan-Shan Allardi, Alexander Chang, Shu-Hao Chang, Chih-Cheng Chang, Song-Chu Chen, Chung-Chen Chilson, Ryan Faber, Aaron Gale, David M. Han, Chih-Chiang Han, Kuo-Chang Hasegawa, Yutaka Hernández-Rebollar, José Luis Huang, Yau-De Jiang, Homin Jinchi, Hao Kimura, Kimihiro Kubo, Derek Li, Chao-Te Lin, Lupin C.-C. Liu, Ching-Tang Liu, Kuan-Yu Lu, Li-Ming Martin-Cocher, Pierre Meyer-Zhao, Zheng Montaña, Alfredo Moraghan, Anthony Moreno-Nolasco, Marcos Emir Nishioka, Hiroaki Norton, Timothy J. Nystrom, George Ogawa, Hideo Oshiro, Peter Pradel, Nicolas Principe, Giacomo Raffin, Philippe Rodríguez-Montoya, Iván Shaw, Paul Snow, William Sridharan, Tirupati Kumara Srinivasan, Ranjani Wei, Ta-Shun Yu, Chen-Yu The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87 |
topic_facet |
F500 - Astronomy |
description |
In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration reported the first-ever event-horizon-scale images of a black hole, resolving the central compact radio source in the giant elliptical galaxy M 87. These images reveal a ring with a southerly brightness distribution and a diameter of ∼42 μas, consistent with the predicted size and shape of a shadow produced by the gravitationally lensed emission around a supermassive black hole. These results were obtained as part of the April 2017 EHT observation campaign, using a global very long baseline interferometric radio array operating at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Here, we present results based on the second EHT observing campaign, taking place in April 2018 with an improved array, wider frequency coverage, and increased bandwidth. In particular, the additional baselines provided by the Greenland telescope improved the coverage of the array. Multiyear EHT observations provide independent snapshots of the horizon-scale emission, allowing us to confirm the persistence, size, and shape of the black hole shadow, and constrain the intrinsic structural variability of the accretion flow. We have confirmed the presence of an asymmetric ring structure, brighter in the southwest, with a median diameter of 43.3−3.1+1.5 μas. The diameter of the 2018 ring is remarkably consistent with the diameter obtained from the previous 2017 observations. On the other hand, the position angle of the brightness asymmetry in 2018 is shifted by about 30° relative to 2017. The perennial persistence of the ring and its diameter robustly support the interpretation that the ring is formed by lensed emission surrounding a Kerr black hole with a mass ∼6.5 × 109 M⊙. The significant change in the ring brightness asymmetry implies a spin axis that is more consistent with the position angle of the large-scale jet. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Violette Impellizzeri, C. M. Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Jones, Adam C. Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Kofuji, Yutaro Koch, Patrick M. Koyama, Shoko Kramer, Carsten Kramer, Joana A. Kramer, Michael Krichbaum, Thomas P. Kuo, Cheng-Yu La Bella, Noemi Lee, Sang-Sung Levis, Aviad Li, Zhiyuan Lico, Rocco Lindahl, Greg Lindqvist, Michael Lisakov, Mikhail Liu, Jun Liu, Kuo Liuzzo, Elisabetta Lo, Wen-Ping Lobanov, Andrei P. Loinard, Laurent Lonsdale, Colin J. Lowitz, Amy E. Lu, Ru-Sen MacDonald, Nicholas R. Mao, Jirong Marchili, Nicola Markoff, Sera Marrone, Daniel P. Marscher, Alan P. Martí-Vidal, Iván Matsushita, Satoki Matthews, Lynn D. Medeiros, Lia Menten, Karl M. Mizuno, Izumi Mizuno, Yosuke Montgomery, Joshua Moran, James M. Moriyama, Kotaro Moscibrodzka, Monika Mulaudzi, Wanga Müller, Cornelia Müller, Hendrik Mus, Alejandro Musoke, Gibwa Myserlis, Ioannis Nagai, Hiroshi Nagar, Neil M. Nakamura, Masanori Narayanan, Gopal Natarajan, Iniyan Nathanail, Antonios Fuentes, Santiago Navarro Neilsen, Joey Ni, Chunchong Nowak, Michael A. Oh, Junghwan Okino, Hiroki Olivares, Héctor Oyama, Tomoaki Özel, Feryal Palumbo, Daniel C. M. Paraschos, Georgios Filippos Park, Jongho Parsons, Harriet Patel, Nimesh Pen, Ue-Li Pesce, Dominic W. Piétu, Vincent PopStefanija, Aleksandar Porth, Oliver Prather, Ben Psaltis, Dimitrios Pu, Hung-Yi Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Rao, Ramprasad Rawlings, Mark G. Raymond, Alexander W. Rezzolla, Luciano Ricarte, Angelo Ripperda, Bart Roelofs, Freek Romero-Cañizales, Cristina Ros, Eduardo Roshanineshat, Arash Rottmann, Helge Roy, Alan L. Ruiz, Ignacio Ruszczyk, Chet Rygl, Kazi L. J. Sánchez, Salvador Sánchez-Argüelles, David Sánchez-Portal, Miguel Sasada, Mahito Satapathy, Kaushik Savolainen, Tuomas Schloerb, F. Peter Schonfeld, Jonathan Schuster, Karl-Friedrich Shao, Lijing Shen, Zhiqiang Small, Des Sohn, Bong Won SooHoo, Jason Salas, León David Sosapanta Souccar, Kamal Stanway, Joshua S. Sun, He Tazaki, Fumie Tetarenko, Alexandra J. Tiede, Paul Tilanus, Remo P. J. Titus, Michael Toma, Kenji Torne, Pablo Toscano, Teresa Traianou, Efthalia Trent, Tyler Trippe, Sascha Turk, Matthew van Bemmel, Ilse van Langevelde, Huib Jan van Rossum, Daniel R. Vos, Jesse Wagner, Jan Ward-Thompson, Derek Wardle, John Washington, Jasmin E. Weintroub, Jonathan Wharton, Robert Wielgus, Maciek Wiik, Kaj Witzel, Gunther Wondrak, Michael F. Wong, George N. Wu, Qingwen Yadlapalli, Nitika Yamaguchi, Paul Yfantis, Aristomenis Yoon, Doosoo Young, André Younsi, Ziri Yu, Wei Yuan, Feng Yuan, Ye-Fei Anton Zensus, J. Zhang, Shuo Zhao, Guang-Yao Zhao, Shan-Shan Allardi, Alexander Chang, Shu-Hao Chang, Chih-Cheng Chang, Song-Chu Chen, Chung-Chen Chilson, Ryan Faber, Aaron Gale, David M. Han, Chih-Chiang Han, Kuo-Chang Hasegawa, Yutaka Hernández-Rebollar, José Luis Huang, Yau-De Jiang, Homin Jinchi, Hao Kimura, Kimihiro Kubo, Derek Li, Chao-Te Lin, Lupin C.-C. Liu, Ching-Tang Liu, Kuan-Yu Lu, Li-Ming Martin-Cocher, Pierre Meyer-Zhao, Zheng Montaña, Alfredo Moraghan, Anthony Moreno-Nolasco, Marcos Emir Nishioka, Hiroaki Norton, Timothy J. Nystrom, George Ogawa, Hideo Oshiro, Peter Pradel, Nicolas Principe, Giacomo Raffin, Philippe Rodríguez-Montoya, Iván Shaw, Paul Snow, William Sridharan, Tirupati Kumara Srinivasan, Ranjani Wei, Ta-Shun Yu, Chen-Yu |
author_facet |
Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Violette Impellizzeri, C. M. Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Jones, Adam C. Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Kofuji, Yutaro Koch, Patrick M. Koyama, Shoko Kramer, Carsten Kramer, Joana A. Kramer, Michael Krichbaum, Thomas P. Kuo, Cheng-Yu La Bella, Noemi Lee, Sang-Sung Levis, Aviad Li, Zhiyuan Lico, Rocco Lindahl, Greg Lindqvist, Michael Lisakov, Mikhail Liu, Jun Liu, Kuo Liuzzo, Elisabetta Lo, Wen-Ping Lobanov, Andrei P. Loinard, Laurent Lonsdale, Colin J. Lowitz, Amy E. Lu, Ru-Sen MacDonald, Nicholas R. Mao, Jirong Marchili, Nicola Markoff, Sera Marrone, Daniel P. Marscher, Alan P. Martí-Vidal, Iván Matsushita, Satoki Matthews, Lynn D. Medeiros, Lia Menten, Karl M. Mizuno, Izumi Mizuno, Yosuke Montgomery, Joshua Moran, James M. Moriyama, Kotaro Moscibrodzka, Monika Mulaudzi, Wanga Müller, Cornelia Müller, Hendrik Mus, Alejandro Musoke, Gibwa Myserlis, Ioannis Nagai, Hiroshi Nagar, Neil M. Nakamura, Masanori Narayanan, Gopal Natarajan, Iniyan Nathanail, Antonios Fuentes, Santiago Navarro Neilsen, Joey Ni, Chunchong Nowak, Michael A. Oh, Junghwan Okino, Hiroki Olivares, Héctor Oyama, Tomoaki Özel, Feryal Palumbo, Daniel C. M. Paraschos, Georgios Filippos Park, Jongho Parsons, Harriet Patel, Nimesh Pen, Ue-Li Pesce, Dominic W. Piétu, Vincent PopStefanija, Aleksandar Porth, Oliver Prather, Ben Psaltis, Dimitrios Pu, Hung-Yi Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Rao, Ramprasad Rawlings, Mark G. Raymond, Alexander W. Rezzolla, Luciano Ricarte, Angelo Ripperda, Bart Roelofs, Freek Romero-Cañizales, Cristina Ros, Eduardo Roshanineshat, Arash Rottmann, Helge Roy, Alan L. Ruiz, Ignacio Ruszczyk, Chet Rygl, Kazi L. J. Sánchez, Salvador Sánchez-Argüelles, David Sánchez-Portal, Miguel Sasada, Mahito Satapathy, Kaushik Savolainen, Tuomas Schloerb, F. Peter Schonfeld, Jonathan Schuster, Karl-Friedrich Shao, Lijing Shen, Zhiqiang Small, Des Sohn, Bong Won SooHoo, Jason Salas, León David Sosapanta Souccar, Kamal Stanway, Joshua S. Sun, He Tazaki, Fumie Tetarenko, Alexandra J. Tiede, Paul Tilanus, Remo P. J. Titus, Michael Toma, Kenji Torne, Pablo Toscano, Teresa Traianou, Efthalia Trent, Tyler Trippe, Sascha Turk, Matthew van Bemmel, Ilse van Langevelde, Huib Jan van Rossum, Daniel R. Vos, Jesse Wagner, Jan Ward-Thompson, Derek Wardle, John Washington, Jasmin E. Weintroub, Jonathan Wharton, Robert Wielgus, Maciek Wiik, Kaj Witzel, Gunther Wondrak, Michael F. Wong, George N. Wu, Qingwen Yadlapalli, Nitika Yamaguchi, Paul Yfantis, Aristomenis Yoon, Doosoo Young, André Younsi, Ziri Yu, Wei Yuan, Feng Yuan, Ye-Fei Anton Zensus, J. Zhang, Shuo Zhao, Guang-Yao Zhao, Shan-Shan Allardi, Alexander Chang, Shu-Hao Chang, Chih-Cheng Chang, Song-Chu Chen, Chung-Chen Chilson, Ryan Faber, Aaron Gale, David M. Han, Chih-Chiang Han, Kuo-Chang Hasegawa, Yutaka Hernández-Rebollar, José Luis Huang, Yau-De Jiang, Homin Jinchi, Hao Kimura, Kimihiro Kubo, Derek Li, Chao-Te Lin, Lupin C.-C. Liu, Ching-Tang Liu, Kuan-Yu Lu, Li-Ming Martin-Cocher, Pierre Meyer-Zhao, Zheng Montaña, Alfredo Moraghan, Anthony Moreno-Nolasco, Marcos Emir Nishioka, Hiroaki Norton, Timothy J. Nystrom, George Ogawa, Hideo Oshiro, Peter Pradel, Nicolas Principe, Giacomo Raffin, Philippe Rodríguez-Montoya, Iván Shaw, Paul Snow, William Sridharan, Tirupati Kumara Srinivasan, Ranjani Wei, Ta-Shun Yu, Chen-Yu |
author_sort |
Akiyama, Kazunori |
title |
The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87 |
title_short |
The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87 |
title_full |
The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87 |
title_fullStr |
The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87 |
title_full_unstemmed |
The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87 |
title_sort |
persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of m 87 |
publisher |
EDP Sciences |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/50449/ https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/50449/1/aa47932-23.pdf https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361%2F202347932 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347932 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(65.633,65.633,-70.433,-70.433) |
geographic |
Greenland Kerr |
geographic_facet |
Greenland Kerr |
genre |
Greenland Greenland Telescope |
genre_facet |
Greenland Greenland Telescope |
op_relation |
https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/50449/1/aa47932-23.pdf Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin et al (2024) The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 681 . ISSN 0004-6361 doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347932 |
op_rights |
cc_by_4 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361%2F20234793210.1051/0004-6361/202347932 |
_version_ |
1798846909758046208 |
spelling |
ftunivclancas:oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:50449 2024-05-12T08:04:41+00:00 The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87 Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Violette Impellizzeri, C. M. Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Jones, Adam C. Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Kofuji, Yutaro Koch, Patrick M. Koyama, Shoko Kramer, Carsten Kramer, Joana A. Kramer, Michael Krichbaum, Thomas P. Kuo, Cheng-Yu La Bella, Noemi Lee, Sang-Sung Levis, Aviad Li, Zhiyuan Lico, Rocco Lindahl, Greg Lindqvist, Michael Lisakov, Mikhail Liu, Jun Liu, Kuo Liuzzo, Elisabetta Lo, Wen-Ping Lobanov, Andrei P. Loinard, Laurent Lonsdale, Colin J. Lowitz, Amy E. Lu, Ru-Sen MacDonald, Nicholas R. Mao, Jirong Marchili, Nicola Markoff, Sera Marrone, Daniel P. Marscher, Alan P. Martí-Vidal, Iván Matsushita, Satoki Matthews, Lynn D. Medeiros, Lia Menten, Karl M. Mizuno, Izumi Mizuno, Yosuke Montgomery, Joshua Moran, James M. Moriyama, Kotaro Moscibrodzka, Monika Mulaudzi, Wanga Müller, Cornelia Müller, Hendrik Mus, Alejandro Musoke, Gibwa Myserlis, Ioannis Nagai, Hiroshi Nagar, Neil M. Nakamura, Masanori Narayanan, Gopal Natarajan, Iniyan Nathanail, Antonios Fuentes, Santiago Navarro Neilsen, Joey Ni, Chunchong Nowak, Michael A. Oh, Junghwan Okino, Hiroki Olivares, Héctor Oyama, Tomoaki Özel, Feryal Palumbo, Daniel C. M. Paraschos, Georgios Filippos Park, Jongho Parsons, Harriet Patel, Nimesh Pen, Ue-Li Pesce, Dominic W. Piétu, Vincent PopStefanija, Aleksandar Porth, Oliver Prather, Ben Psaltis, Dimitrios Pu, Hung-Yi Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Rao, Ramprasad Rawlings, Mark G. Raymond, Alexander W. Rezzolla, Luciano Ricarte, Angelo Ripperda, Bart Roelofs, Freek Romero-Cañizales, Cristina Ros, Eduardo Roshanineshat, Arash Rottmann, Helge Roy, Alan L. Ruiz, Ignacio Ruszczyk, Chet Rygl, Kazi L. J. Sánchez, Salvador Sánchez-Argüelles, David Sánchez-Portal, Miguel Sasada, Mahito Satapathy, Kaushik Savolainen, Tuomas Schloerb, F. Peter Schonfeld, Jonathan Schuster, Karl-Friedrich Shao, Lijing Shen, Zhiqiang Small, Des Sohn, Bong Won SooHoo, Jason Salas, León David Sosapanta Souccar, Kamal Stanway, Joshua S. Sun, He Tazaki, Fumie Tetarenko, Alexandra J. Tiede, Paul Tilanus, Remo P. J. Titus, Michael Toma, Kenji Torne, Pablo Toscano, Teresa Traianou, Efthalia Trent, Tyler Trippe, Sascha Turk, Matthew van Bemmel, Ilse van Langevelde, Huib Jan van Rossum, Daniel R. Vos, Jesse Wagner, Jan Ward-Thompson, Derek Wardle, John Washington, Jasmin E. Weintroub, Jonathan Wharton, Robert Wielgus, Maciek Wiik, Kaj Witzel, Gunther Wondrak, Michael F. Wong, George N. Wu, Qingwen Yadlapalli, Nitika Yamaguchi, Paul Yfantis, Aristomenis Yoon, Doosoo Young, André Younsi, Ziri Yu, Wei Yuan, Feng Yuan, Ye-Fei Anton Zensus, J. Zhang, Shuo Zhao, Guang-Yao Zhao, Shan-Shan Allardi, Alexander Chang, Shu-Hao Chang, Chih-Cheng Chang, Song-Chu Chen, Chung-Chen Chilson, Ryan Faber, Aaron Gale, David M. Han, Chih-Chiang Han, Kuo-Chang Hasegawa, Yutaka Hernández-Rebollar, José Luis Huang, Yau-De Jiang, Homin Jinchi, Hao Kimura, Kimihiro Kubo, Derek Li, Chao-Te Lin, Lupin C.-C. Liu, Ching-Tang Liu, Kuan-Yu Lu, Li-Ming Martin-Cocher, Pierre Meyer-Zhao, Zheng Montaña, Alfredo Moraghan, Anthony Moreno-Nolasco, Marcos Emir Nishioka, Hiroaki Norton, Timothy J. Nystrom, George Ogawa, Hideo Oshiro, Peter Pradel, Nicolas Principe, Giacomo Raffin, Philippe Rodríguez-Montoya, Iván Shaw, Paul Snow, William Sridharan, Tirupati Kumara Srinivasan, Ranjani Wei, Ta-Shun Yu, Chen-Yu 2024-01-18 application/pdf https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/50449/ https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/50449/1/aa47932-23.pdf https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361%2F202347932 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347932 en eng EDP Sciences https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/50449/1/aa47932-23.pdf Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin et al (2024) The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 681 . ISSN 0004-6361 doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347932 cc_by_4 F500 - Astronomy Article PeerReviewed 2024 ftunivclancas https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361%2F20234793210.1051/0004-6361/202347932 2024-04-17T14:23:14Z In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration reported the first-ever event-horizon-scale images of a black hole, resolving the central compact radio source in the giant elliptical galaxy M 87. These images reveal a ring with a southerly brightness distribution and a diameter of ∼42 μas, consistent with the predicted size and shape of a shadow produced by the gravitationally lensed emission around a supermassive black hole. These results were obtained as part of the April 2017 EHT observation campaign, using a global very long baseline interferometric radio array operating at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Here, we present results based on the second EHT observing campaign, taking place in April 2018 with an improved array, wider frequency coverage, and increased bandwidth. In particular, the additional baselines provided by the Greenland telescope improved the coverage of the array. Multiyear EHT observations provide independent snapshots of the horizon-scale emission, allowing us to confirm the persistence, size, and shape of the black hole shadow, and constrain the intrinsic structural variability of the accretion flow. We have confirmed the presence of an asymmetric ring structure, brighter in the southwest, with a median diameter of 43.3−3.1+1.5 μas. The diameter of the 2018 ring is remarkably consistent with the diameter obtained from the previous 2017 observations. On the other hand, the position angle of the brightness asymmetry in 2018 is shifted by about 30° relative to 2017. The perennial persistence of the ring and its diameter robustly support the interpretation that the ring is formed by lensed emission surrounding a Kerr black hole with a mass ∼6.5 × 109 M⊙. The significant change in the ring brightness asymmetry implies a spin axis that is more consistent with the position angle of the large-scale jet. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Greenland Telescope University of Central Lancashire: CLOK - Central Lancashire Online Knowledge Greenland Kerr ENVELOPE(65.633,65.633,-70.433,-70.433) |