Giant Kiruna-type deposits form by efficient flotation of magmatic magnetite suspensions
Artículo de publicación ISI Kiruna-type iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits are an important source of Fe ore, and two radically different processes are being actively investigated for their origin. One hypothesis invokes direct crystallization of immiscible Fe-rich melt that separated from a parent s...
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ftunivchile:oai:repositorio.uchile.cl:2250/134701 2023-05-15T17:04:07+02:00 Giant Kiruna-type deposits form by efficient flotation of magmatic magnetite suspensions Knipping, Jaayke L. Bilenker, Laura D. Simon, Adam C. Reich Morales, Martín Barra Pantoja, Fernando Deditius, Artur P. Lundstrom, Craig Bindeman, Ilya Munizaga, Rodrigo 2015 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.1130/G36650.1 https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134701 en eng Geological Soc Amer Geology Vol. 43 No. 7 Jul 2015 doi:10.1130/G36650.1 https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134701 Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Chile http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/cl/ CC-BY-NC-ND Melt Transport Sulfide Bearing Bubbles Sweden Origin System Chile Vapor Artículo de revista 2015 ftunivchile https://doi.org/10.1130/G36650.1 2023-01-29T00:53:54Z Artículo de publicación ISI Kiruna-type iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits are an important source of Fe ore, and two radically different processes are being actively investigated for their origin. One hypothesis invokes direct crystallization of immiscible Fe-rich melt that separated from a parent silicate magma, while the other hypothesis invokes deposition of Fe-oxides from hydrothermal fluids of either magmatic or crustal origin. Here, we present a new model based on Fe and O stable isotopes and trace and major element geochemistry data of magnetite from the similar to 350 Mt Fe Los Colorados IOA deposit in the Chilean iron belt that merges these divergent processes into a single sequence of events that explains all characteristic features of these curious deposits. We propose that concentration of magnetite takes place by the preferred wetting of magnetite, followed by buoyant segregation of these early-formed magmatic magnetite-bubble pairs, which become a rising magnetite suspension that deposits massive magnetite in regional-scale transcurrent faults. Our data demonstrate an unambiguous magmatic origin, consistent with the namesake IOA analogue in the Kiruna district, Sweden. Further, our model explains the observed coexisting purely magmatic and hydrothermal-magmatic features and allows a genetic connection between Kiruna-type IOA and iron oxide-copper-gold deposits, contributing to a global understanding valuable to exploration efforts. German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) Ph.D. grant Society of Economic Geologists University of Michigan Rackham Graduate School U.S. National Science Foundation EAR-1250239 EAR-1264537 Fondecyt 1140780 Millennium Science Initiative grant "Nucleus for Metal Tracing Along Subduction" NC130065 FONDAP 15090013 Article in Journal/Newspaper Kiruna Universidad de Chile: Repositorio académico Isi ENVELOPE(-38.550,-38.550,65.617,65.617) Kiruna Geology 43 7 591 594 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Universidad de Chile: Repositorio académico |
op_collection_id |
ftunivchile |
language |
English |
topic |
Melt Transport Sulfide Bearing Bubbles Sweden Origin System Chile Vapor |
spellingShingle |
Melt Transport Sulfide Bearing Bubbles Sweden Origin System Chile Vapor Knipping, Jaayke L. Bilenker, Laura D. Simon, Adam C. Reich Morales, Martín Barra Pantoja, Fernando Deditius, Artur P. Lundstrom, Craig Bindeman, Ilya Munizaga, Rodrigo Giant Kiruna-type deposits form by efficient flotation of magmatic magnetite suspensions |
topic_facet |
Melt Transport Sulfide Bearing Bubbles Sweden Origin System Chile Vapor |
description |
Artículo de publicación ISI Kiruna-type iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits are an important source of Fe ore, and two radically different processes are being actively investigated for their origin. One hypothesis invokes direct crystallization of immiscible Fe-rich melt that separated from a parent silicate magma, while the other hypothesis invokes deposition of Fe-oxides from hydrothermal fluids of either magmatic or crustal origin. Here, we present a new model based on Fe and O stable isotopes and trace and major element geochemistry data of magnetite from the similar to 350 Mt Fe Los Colorados IOA deposit in the Chilean iron belt that merges these divergent processes into a single sequence of events that explains all characteristic features of these curious deposits. We propose that concentration of magnetite takes place by the preferred wetting of magnetite, followed by buoyant segregation of these early-formed magmatic magnetite-bubble pairs, which become a rising magnetite suspension that deposits massive magnetite in regional-scale transcurrent faults. Our data demonstrate an unambiguous magmatic origin, consistent with the namesake IOA analogue in the Kiruna district, Sweden. Further, our model explains the observed coexisting purely magmatic and hydrothermal-magmatic features and allows a genetic connection between Kiruna-type IOA and iron oxide-copper-gold deposits, contributing to a global understanding valuable to exploration efforts. German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) Ph.D. grant Society of Economic Geologists University of Michigan Rackham Graduate School U.S. National Science Foundation EAR-1250239 EAR-1264537 Fondecyt 1140780 Millennium Science Initiative grant "Nucleus for Metal Tracing Along Subduction" NC130065 FONDAP 15090013 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Knipping, Jaayke L. Bilenker, Laura D. Simon, Adam C. Reich Morales, Martín Barra Pantoja, Fernando Deditius, Artur P. Lundstrom, Craig Bindeman, Ilya Munizaga, Rodrigo |
author_facet |
Knipping, Jaayke L. Bilenker, Laura D. Simon, Adam C. Reich Morales, Martín Barra Pantoja, Fernando Deditius, Artur P. Lundstrom, Craig Bindeman, Ilya Munizaga, Rodrigo |
author_sort |
Knipping, Jaayke L. |
title |
Giant Kiruna-type deposits form by efficient flotation of magmatic magnetite suspensions |
title_short |
Giant Kiruna-type deposits form by efficient flotation of magmatic magnetite suspensions |
title_full |
Giant Kiruna-type deposits form by efficient flotation of magmatic magnetite suspensions |
title_fullStr |
Giant Kiruna-type deposits form by efficient flotation of magmatic magnetite suspensions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Giant Kiruna-type deposits form by efficient flotation of magmatic magnetite suspensions |
title_sort |
giant kiruna-type deposits form by efficient flotation of magmatic magnetite suspensions |
publisher |
Geological Soc Amer |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1130/G36650.1 https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134701 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-38.550,-38.550,65.617,65.617) |
geographic |
Isi Kiruna |
geographic_facet |
Isi Kiruna |
genre |
Kiruna |
genre_facet |
Kiruna |
op_relation |
Geology Vol. 43 No. 7 Jul 2015 doi:10.1130/G36650.1 https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134701 |
op_rights |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Chile http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/cl/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1130/G36650.1 |
container_title |
Geology |
container_volume |
43 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
591 |
op_container_end_page |
594 |
_version_ |
1766058163775209472 |