BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data
We report on the design and performance of the BICEP2 instrument and on its three-year data set. BICEP2 was designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales of 1°-5°(ℓ = 40-200), near the expected peak of the B-mode polarization signature of primordial...
Published in: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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IOP Science
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Online Access: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/89796/ https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 |
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ftunivcardiff:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:89796 2023-05-15T18:22:56+02:00 BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data Ade, Peter A. R. Aikin, R. W. Amiri, M. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Davis, G. Day, P. K. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Karkare, K. S. Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Llombart, N. Lueker, M. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, A. Pryke, C. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Story, K. T. Sudiwala, Rashmikant Teply, G. P. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wilson, P. Wong, C. L. 2014-09-01 https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/89796/ https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 unknown IOP Science Ade, Peter A. R. https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/view/cardiffauthors/A0479492.html orcid:0000-0002-5127-0401 orcid:0000-0002-5127-0401, Aikin, R. W., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Davis, G., Day, P. K., Dowell, C. D., Duband, L., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Golwala, S. R., Halpern, M., Hasselfield, M., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Irwin, K. D., Karkare, K. S., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E. M., Llombart, N., Lueker, M., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn, R. W., Orlando, A., Pryke, C., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Story, K. T., Sudiwala, Rashmikant https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/view/cardiffauthors/A017000J.html orcid:0000-0003-3240-5304 orcid:0000-0003-3240-5304, Teply, G. P., Tolan, J. E., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Wilson, P., Wong, C. L. and Yoon, K. W. 2014. BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data. The Astrophysical Journal 792 (1) , p. 62. 10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X%2F792%2F1%2F62 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 QB Astronomy Article PeerReviewed 2014 ftunivcardiff https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 2022-11-03T23:38:51Z We report on the design and performance of the BICEP2 instrument and on its three-year data set. BICEP2 was designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales of 1°-5°(ℓ = 40-200), near the expected peak of the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation. Measuring B-modes requires dramatic improvements in sensitivity combined with exquisite control of systematics. The BICEP2 telescope observed from the South Pole with a 26 cm aperture and cold, on-axis, refractive optics. BICEP2 also adopted a new detector design in which beam-defining slot antenna arrays couple to transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers, all fabricated on a common substrate. The antenna-coupled TES detectors supported scalable fabrication and multiplexed readout that allowed BICEP2 to achieve a high detector count of 500 bolometers at 150 GHz, giving unprecedented sensitivity to B-modes at degree angular scales. After optimization of detector and readout parameters, BICEP2 achieved an instrument noise-equivalent temperature of $15.8\ \mu \mathrm{K}\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}$. The full data set reached Stokes Q and U map depths of 87.2 nK in square-degree pixels (5farcm2 μK) over an effective area of 384 deg2 within a 1000 deg2 field. These are the deepest CMB polarization maps at degree angular scales to date. The power spectrum analysis presented in a companion paper has resulted in a significant detection of B-mode polarization at degree scales. Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole Cardiff University: ORCA (Online Research @ Cardiff) South Pole The Astrophysical Journal 792 1 62 |
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Cardiff University: ORCA (Online Research @ Cardiff) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivcardiff |
language |
unknown |
topic |
QB Astronomy |
spellingShingle |
QB Astronomy Ade, Peter A. R. Aikin, R. W. Amiri, M. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Davis, G. Day, P. K. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Karkare, K. S. Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Llombart, N. Lueker, M. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, A. Pryke, C. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Story, K. T. Sudiwala, Rashmikant Teply, G. P. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wilson, P. Wong, C. L. BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data |
topic_facet |
QB Astronomy |
description |
We report on the design and performance of the BICEP2 instrument and on its three-year data set. BICEP2 was designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales of 1°-5°(ℓ = 40-200), near the expected peak of the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation. Measuring B-modes requires dramatic improvements in sensitivity combined with exquisite control of systematics. The BICEP2 telescope observed from the South Pole with a 26 cm aperture and cold, on-axis, refractive optics. BICEP2 also adopted a new detector design in which beam-defining slot antenna arrays couple to transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers, all fabricated on a common substrate. The antenna-coupled TES detectors supported scalable fabrication and multiplexed readout that allowed BICEP2 to achieve a high detector count of 500 bolometers at 150 GHz, giving unprecedented sensitivity to B-modes at degree angular scales. After optimization of detector and readout parameters, BICEP2 achieved an instrument noise-equivalent temperature of $15.8\ \mu \mathrm{K}\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}$. The full data set reached Stokes Q and U map depths of 87.2 nK in square-degree pixels (5farcm2 μK) over an effective area of 384 deg2 within a 1000 deg2 field. These are the deepest CMB polarization maps at degree angular scales to date. The power spectrum analysis presented in a companion paper has resulted in a significant detection of B-mode polarization at degree scales. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ade, Peter A. R. Aikin, R. W. Amiri, M. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Davis, G. Day, P. K. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Karkare, K. S. Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Llombart, N. Lueker, M. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, A. Pryke, C. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Story, K. T. Sudiwala, Rashmikant Teply, G. P. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wilson, P. Wong, C. L. |
author_facet |
Ade, Peter A. R. Aikin, R. W. Amiri, M. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Davis, G. Day, P. K. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Karkare, K. S. Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Llombart, N. Lueker, M. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, A. Pryke, C. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Story, K. T. Sudiwala, Rashmikant Teply, G. P. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wilson, P. Wong, C. L. |
author_sort |
Ade, Peter A. R. |
title |
BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data |
title_short |
BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data |
title_full |
BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data |
title_fullStr |
BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data |
title_full_unstemmed |
BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data |
title_sort |
bicep2. ii. experiment and three-year data |
publisher |
IOP Science |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/89796/ https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 |
geographic |
South Pole |
geographic_facet |
South Pole |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_relation |
Ade, Peter A. R. https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/view/cardiffauthors/A0479492.html orcid:0000-0002-5127-0401 orcid:0000-0002-5127-0401, Aikin, R. W., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Davis, G., Day, P. K., Dowell, C. D., Duband, L., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Golwala, S. R., Halpern, M., Hasselfield, M., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Irwin, K. D., Karkare, K. S., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E. M., Llombart, N., Lueker, M., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn, R. W., Orlando, A., Pryke, C., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Story, K. T., Sudiwala, Rashmikant https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/view/cardiffauthors/A017000J.html orcid:0000-0003-3240-5304 orcid:0000-0003-3240-5304, Teply, G. P., Tolan, J. E., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Wilson, P., Wong, C. L. and Yoon, K. W. 2014. BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data. The Astrophysical Journal 792 (1) , p. 62. 10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X%2F792%2F1%2F62 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 |
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The Astrophysical Journal |
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792 |
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62 |
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1766202352172269568 |