Simultaneous millimeter-wave, gamma-ray, and optical monitoring of the blazar PKS 2326-502 during a flaring state
Including millimeter-wave data in multiwavelength studies of the variability of active galactic nuclei (AGN) can provide insights into AGN physics that are not easily accessible at other wavelengths. We demonstrate in this work the potential of cosmic microwave background (CMB) telescopes to provide...
Published in: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
American Astronomical Society
2023
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/157720/ https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acbf45 https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/157720/1/pdf.pdf |
id |
ftunivcardiff:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:157720 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Cardiff University: ORCA (Online Research @ Cardiff) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivcardiff |
language |
English |
description |
Including millimeter-wave data in multiwavelength studies of the variability of active galactic nuclei (AGN) can provide insights into AGN physics that are not easily accessible at other wavelengths. We demonstrate in this work the potential of cosmic microwave background (CMB) telescopes to provide long-term, high-cadence millimeter-wave AGN monitoring over large fractions of sky. We report on a pilot study using data from the SPTpol instrument on the South Pole Telescope (SPT), which was designed to observe the CMB at arcminute and larger angular scales. Between 2013 and 2016, SPTpol was used primarily to observe a single 500 deg2 field, covering the entire field several times per day with detectors sensitive to radiation in bands centered at 95 and 150 GHz. We use SPT 150 GHz observations to create AGN light curves, and we compare these millimeter-wave light curves to those at other wavelengths, in particular γ-ray and optical. In this Letter, we focus on a single source, PKS 2326-502, which has extensive, day-timescale monitoring data in gamma-ray, optical, and now millimeter-wave between 2013 and 2016. We find PKS 2326-502 to be in a flaring state in the first 2 yr of this monitoring, and we present a search for evidence of correlated variability between millimeter-wave, optical R-band, and γ-ray observations. This pilot study is paving the way for AGN monitoring with current and upcoming CMB experiments such as SPT-3G, Simons Observatory, and CMB-S4, including multiwavelength studies with facilities such as Vera C. Rubin Observatories Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hood II, J. C. Simpson, A. McDaniel, A. Foster, A. Ade, P. A. R. Ajello, M. Anderson, A. J. Austermann, J. E. Beall, J. A. Bender, A. N. Benson, B. A. Bianchini, F. Bleem, L. E. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Chaubal, P. Chiang, H. C. Chou, T-L. Citron, R. Moran, C. Corbett Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Everett, W. Gallicchio, J. George, E. M. Gupta, N. Halverson, N. W. Hilton, G. C. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, J. D. Huang, N. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. D. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Li, D. Lowitz, A. Madejski, G. Malkan, M. McMahon, J. J. Meyer, S. S. Montgomery, J. Natoli, T. Nibarger, J. P. Noble, G. Novosad, V. Omori, Y. Padin, S. Patil, S. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Schaffer, K. K. Sievers, C. Smecher, G. Stark, A. A. Tucker, C. Veach, T. Vieira, J. D. Wang, G. Whitehorn, N. Wu, W. L. K. Yefremenko, V. Zebrowski, J. A. Zhang, L. |
spellingShingle |
Hood II, J. C. Simpson, A. McDaniel, A. Foster, A. Ade, P. A. R. Ajello, M. Anderson, A. J. Austermann, J. E. Beall, J. A. Bender, A. N. Benson, B. A. Bianchini, F. Bleem, L. E. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Chaubal, P. Chiang, H. C. Chou, T-L. Citron, R. Moran, C. Corbett Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Everett, W. Gallicchio, J. George, E. M. Gupta, N. Halverson, N. W. Hilton, G. C. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, J. D. Huang, N. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. D. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Li, D. Lowitz, A. Madejski, G. Malkan, M. McMahon, J. J. Meyer, S. S. Montgomery, J. Natoli, T. Nibarger, J. P. Noble, G. Novosad, V. Omori, Y. Padin, S. Patil, S. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Schaffer, K. K. Sievers, C. Smecher, G. Stark, A. A. Tucker, C. Veach, T. Vieira, J. D. Wang, G. Whitehorn, N. Wu, W. L. K. Yefremenko, V. Zebrowski, J. A. Zhang, L. Simultaneous millimeter-wave, gamma-ray, and optical monitoring of the blazar PKS 2326-502 during a flaring state |
author_facet |
Hood II, J. C. Simpson, A. McDaniel, A. Foster, A. Ade, P. A. R. Ajello, M. Anderson, A. J. Austermann, J. E. Beall, J. A. Bender, A. N. Benson, B. A. Bianchini, F. Bleem, L. E. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Chaubal, P. Chiang, H. C. Chou, T-L. Citron, R. Moran, C. Corbett Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Everett, W. Gallicchio, J. George, E. M. Gupta, N. Halverson, N. W. Hilton, G. C. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, J. D. Huang, N. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. D. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Li, D. Lowitz, A. Madejski, G. Malkan, M. McMahon, J. J. Meyer, S. S. Montgomery, J. Natoli, T. Nibarger, J. P. Noble, G. Novosad, V. Omori, Y. Padin, S. Patil, S. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Schaffer, K. K. Sievers, C. Smecher, G. Stark, A. A. Tucker, C. Veach, T. Vieira, J. D. Wang, G. Whitehorn, N. Wu, W. L. K. Yefremenko, V. Zebrowski, J. A. Zhang, L. |
author_sort |
Hood II, J. C. |
title |
Simultaneous millimeter-wave, gamma-ray, and optical monitoring of the blazar PKS 2326-502 during a flaring state |
title_short |
Simultaneous millimeter-wave, gamma-ray, and optical monitoring of the blazar PKS 2326-502 during a flaring state |
title_full |
Simultaneous millimeter-wave, gamma-ray, and optical monitoring of the blazar PKS 2326-502 during a flaring state |
title_fullStr |
Simultaneous millimeter-wave, gamma-ray, and optical monitoring of the blazar PKS 2326-502 during a flaring state |
title_full_unstemmed |
Simultaneous millimeter-wave, gamma-ray, and optical monitoring of the blazar PKS 2326-502 during a flaring state |
title_sort |
simultaneous millimeter-wave, gamma-ray, and optical monitoring of the blazar pks 2326-502 during a flaring state |
publisher |
American Astronomical Society |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/157720/ https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acbf45 https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/157720/1/pdf.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(65.493,65.493,-73.438,-73.438) |
geographic |
South Pole Rubin |
geographic_facet |
South Pole Rubin |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_relation |
https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/157720/1/pdf.pdf Hood II, J. C., Simpson, A., McDaniel, A., Foster, A., Ade, P. A. R. https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/view/cardiffauthors/A0479492.html orcid:0000-0002-5127-0401 orcid:0000-0002-5127-0401, Ajello, M., Anderson, A. J., Austermann, J. E., Beall, J. A., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bianchini, F., Bleem, L. E., Carlstrom, J. E., Chang, C. L., Chaubal, P., Chiang, H. C., Chou, T-L., Citron, R., Moran, C. Corbett, Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., de Haan, T., Dobbs, M. A., Everett, W., Gallicchio, J., George, E. M., Gupta, N., Halverson, N. W., Hilton, G. C., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hrubes, J. D., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., Knox, L., Lee, A. T., Li, D., Lowitz, A., Madejski, G., Malkan, M., McMahon, J. J., Meyer, S. S., Montgomery, J., Natoli, T., Nibarger, J. P., Noble, G., Novosad, V., Omori, Y., Padin, S., Patil, S., Pryke, C., Reichardt, C. L., Ruhl, J. E., Saliwanchik, B. R., Schaffer, K. K., Sievers, C., Smecher, G., Stark, A. A., Tucker, C. https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/view/cardiffauthors/A016987K.html orcid:0000-0002-1851-3918 orcid:0000-0002-1851-3918, Veach, T., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., Zebrowski, J. A. and Zhang, L. 2023. Simultaneous millimeter-wave, gamma-ray, and optical monitoring of the blazar PKS 2326-502 during a flaring state. Astrophysical Journal Letters 945 (2) , L23. 10.3847/2041-8213/acbf45 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213%2Facbf45 file https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/157720/1/pdf.pdf doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acbf45 |
op_rights |
cc_by_4_0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acbf45 |
container_title |
The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
container_volume |
945 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
L23 |
_version_ |
1768375439838937088 |
spelling |
ftunivcardiff:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:157720 2023-06-11T04:16:49+02:00 Simultaneous millimeter-wave, gamma-ray, and optical monitoring of the blazar PKS 2326-502 during a flaring state Hood II, J. C. Simpson, A. McDaniel, A. Foster, A. Ade, P. A. R. Ajello, M. Anderson, A. J. Austermann, J. E. Beall, J. A. Bender, A. N. Benson, B. A. Bianchini, F. Bleem, L. E. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Chaubal, P. Chiang, H. C. Chou, T-L. Citron, R. Moran, C. Corbett Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Everett, W. Gallicchio, J. George, E. M. Gupta, N. Halverson, N. W. Hilton, G. C. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, J. D. Huang, N. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. D. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Li, D. Lowitz, A. Madejski, G. Malkan, M. McMahon, J. J. Meyer, S. S. Montgomery, J. Natoli, T. Nibarger, J. P. Noble, G. Novosad, V. Omori, Y. Padin, S. Patil, S. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Schaffer, K. K. Sievers, C. Smecher, G. Stark, A. A. Tucker, C. Veach, T. Vieira, J. D. Wang, G. Whitehorn, N. Wu, W. L. K. Yefremenko, V. Zebrowski, J. A. Zhang, L. 2023-03-10 application/pdf https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/157720/ https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acbf45 https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/157720/1/pdf.pdf en eng American Astronomical Society https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/157720/1/pdf.pdf Hood II, J. C., Simpson, A., McDaniel, A., Foster, A., Ade, P. A. R. https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/view/cardiffauthors/A0479492.html orcid:0000-0002-5127-0401 orcid:0000-0002-5127-0401, Ajello, M., Anderson, A. J., Austermann, J. E., Beall, J. A., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bianchini, F., Bleem, L. E., Carlstrom, J. E., Chang, C. L., Chaubal, P., Chiang, H. C., Chou, T-L., Citron, R., Moran, C. Corbett, Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., de Haan, T., Dobbs, M. A., Everett, W., Gallicchio, J., George, E. M., Gupta, N., Halverson, N. W., Hilton, G. C., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hrubes, J. D., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., Knox, L., Lee, A. T., Li, D., Lowitz, A., Madejski, G., Malkan, M., McMahon, J. J., Meyer, S. S., Montgomery, J., Natoli, T., Nibarger, J. P., Noble, G., Novosad, V., Omori, Y., Padin, S., Patil, S., Pryke, C., Reichardt, C. L., Ruhl, J. E., Saliwanchik, B. R., Schaffer, K. K., Sievers, C., Smecher, G., Stark, A. A., Tucker, C. https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/view/cardiffauthors/A016987K.html orcid:0000-0002-1851-3918 orcid:0000-0002-1851-3918, Veach, T., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., Zebrowski, J. A. and Zhang, L. 2023. Simultaneous millimeter-wave, gamma-ray, and optical monitoring of the blazar PKS 2326-502 during a flaring state. Astrophysical Journal Letters 945 (2) , L23. 10.3847/2041-8213/acbf45 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213%2Facbf45 file https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/157720/1/pdf.pdf doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acbf45 cc_by_4_0 Article PeerReviewed 2023 ftunivcardiff https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acbf45 2023-05-04T22:39:27Z Including millimeter-wave data in multiwavelength studies of the variability of active galactic nuclei (AGN) can provide insights into AGN physics that are not easily accessible at other wavelengths. We demonstrate in this work the potential of cosmic microwave background (CMB) telescopes to provide long-term, high-cadence millimeter-wave AGN monitoring over large fractions of sky. We report on a pilot study using data from the SPTpol instrument on the South Pole Telescope (SPT), which was designed to observe the CMB at arcminute and larger angular scales. Between 2013 and 2016, SPTpol was used primarily to observe a single 500 deg2 field, covering the entire field several times per day with detectors sensitive to radiation in bands centered at 95 and 150 GHz. We use SPT 150 GHz observations to create AGN light curves, and we compare these millimeter-wave light curves to those at other wavelengths, in particular γ-ray and optical. In this Letter, we focus on a single source, PKS 2326-502, which has extensive, day-timescale monitoring data in gamma-ray, optical, and now millimeter-wave between 2013 and 2016. We find PKS 2326-502 to be in a flaring state in the first 2 yr of this monitoring, and we present a search for evidence of correlated variability between millimeter-wave, optical R-band, and γ-ray observations. This pilot study is paving the way for AGN monitoring with current and upcoming CMB experiments such as SPT-3G, Simons Observatory, and CMB-S4, including multiwavelength studies with facilities such as Vera C. Rubin Observatories Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole Cardiff University: ORCA (Online Research @ Cardiff) South Pole Rubin ENVELOPE(65.493,65.493,-73.438,-73.438) The Astrophysical Journal Letters 945 2 L23 |