Optical characterization of the Keck Array and BICEP3 CMB polarimeters from 2016 to 2019
The BICEP/Keck experiment (BK) is a series of small-aperture refracting telescopes observing degree-scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization from the South Pole in search of a primordial B-mode signature. This B-mode signal arises from primordial gravitational waves interacting with the...
Published in: | Journal of Low Temperature Physics |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
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Springer
2020
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Online Access: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/157374/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02392-8 |
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Cardiff University: ORCA (Online Research @ Cardiff) |
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The BICEP/Keck experiment (BK) is a series of small-aperture refracting telescopes observing degree-scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization from the South Pole in search of a primordial B-mode signature. This B-mode signal arises from primordial gravitational waves interacting with the CMB and has amplitude parametrized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. Since 2016, BICEP3 and the Keck Array have been observing with 4800 total antenna-coupled transition-edge sensor detectors, with frequency bands spanning 95, 150, 220, and 270 GHz. Here we present the optical performance of these receivers from 2016 to 2019, including far-field beams measured in situ with an improved chopped thermal source and instrument spectral response measured with a field-deployable Fourier transform spectrometer. As a pair differencing experiment, an important systematic that must be controlled is the differential beam response between the co-located, orthogonally polarized detectors. We generate per-detector far-field beam maps and the corresponding differential beam mismatch that is used to estimate the temperature-to-polarization leakage in our CMB maps and to give feedback on detector and optics fabrication. The differential beam parameters presented here were estimated using improved low-level beam map analysis techniques, including efficient removal of non-Gaussian noise as well as improved spatial masking. These techniques help minimize systematic uncertainty in the beam analysis, with the goal of constraining the bias on r induced by temperature-to-polarization leakage to be subdominant to the statistical uncertainty. This is essential as we progress to higher detector counts in the next generation of CMB experiments. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
St Germaine, T. Ade, Peter A. R. Ahmed, Z. Amiri, M. Barkats, D. Basu Thakur, R. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Boenish, H. Bullock, E. Buza, V. Cheshire, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, J. Crumrine, M. Cukierman, A. Dierickx, M. Duband, L. Fatigoni, S. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Grayson, J. A. Hall, G. Halpern, M. Harrison, S. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Hui, H. Irwin, K. D. Kang, J. Karkare, K. S. Karpel, E. Kefeli, S. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Lau, K. Leitch, E. M. Megerian, K. G. Moncelsi, L. Namikawa, T. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Palladino, S. Pryke, C. Racine, B. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. |
spellingShingle |
St Germaine, T. Ade, Peter A. R. Ahmed, Z. Amiri, M. Barkats, D. Basu Thakur, R. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Boenish, H. Bullock, E. Buza, V. Cheshire, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, J. Crumrine, M. Cukierman, A. Dierickx, M. Duband, L. Fatigoni, S. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Grayson, J. A. Hall, G. Halpern, M. Harrison, S. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Hui, H. Irwin, K. D. Kang, J. Karkare, K. S. Karpel, E. Kefeli, S. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Lau, K. Leitch, E. M. Megerian, K. G. Moncelsi, L. Namikawa, T. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Palladino, S. Pryke, C. Racine, B. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Optical characterization of the Keck Array and BICEP3 CMB polarimeters from 2016 to 2019 |
author_facet |
St Germaine, T. Ade, Peter A. R. Ahmed, Z. Amiri, M. Barkats, D. Basu Thakur, R. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Boenish, H. Bullock, E. Buza, V. Cheshire, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, J. Crumrine, M. Cukierman, A. Dierickx, M. Duband, L. Fatigoni, S. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Grayson, J. A. Hall, G. Halpern, M. Harrison, S. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Hui, H. Irwin, K. D. Kang, J. Karkare, K. S. Karpel, E. Kefeli, S. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Lau, K. Leitch, E. M. Megerian, K. G. Moncelsi, L. Namikawa, T. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Palladino, S. Pryke, C. Racine, B. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. |
author_sort |
St Germaine, T. |
title |
Optical characterization of the Keck Array and BICEP3 CMB polarimeters from 2016 to 2019 |
title_short |
Optical characterization of the Keck Array and BICEP3 CMB polarimeters from 2016 to 2019 |
title_full |
Optical characterization of the Keck Array and BICEP3 CMB polarimeters from 2016 to 2019 |
title_fullStr |
Optical characterization of the Keck Array and BICEP3 CMB polarimeters from 2016 to 2019 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Optical characterization of the Keck Array and BICEP3 CMB polarimeters from 2016 to 2019 |
title_sort |
optical characterization of the keck array and bicep3 cmb polarimeters from 2016 to 2019 |
publisher |
Springer |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/157374/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02392-8 |
geographic |
South Pole |
geographic_facet |
South Pole |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_relation |
St Germaine, T., Ade, Peter A. R. https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/view/cardiffauthors/A0479492.html orcid:0000-0002-5127-0401 orcid:0000-0002-5127-0401, Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Basu Thakur, R., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Cheshire, J., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J. A., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Megerian, K. G., Moncelsi, L., Namikawa, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn, R. W., Palladino, S., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C. https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/view/cardiffauthors/A016987K.html orcid:0000-0002-1851-3918 orcid:0000-0002-1851-3918, Turner, A. D., Umiltà , C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, E., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C. and Zhang, C. 2020. Optical characterization of the Keck Array and BICEP3 CMB polarimeters from 2016 to 2019. Journal of Low Temperature Physics 199 (3-4) , pp. 824-832. 10.1007/s10909-020-02392-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02392-8 doi:10.1007/s10909-020-02392-8 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02392-8 |
container_title |
Journal of Low Temperature Physics |
container_volume |
199 |
container_issue |
3-4 |
container_start_page |
824 |
op_container_end_page |
832 |
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ftunivcardiff:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:157374 2023-05-15T18:23:01+02:00 Optical characterization of the Keck Array and BICEP3 CMB polarimeters from 2016 to 2019 St Germaine, T. Ade, Peter A. R. Ahmed, Z. Amiri, M. Barkats, D. Basu Thakur, R. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Boenish, H. Bullock, E. Buza, V. Cheshire, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, J. Crumrine, M. Cukierman, A. Dierickx, M. Duband, L. Fatigoni, S. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Grayson, J. A. Hall, G. Halpern, M. Harrison, S. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Hui, H. Irwin, K. D. Kang, J. Karkare, K. S. Karpel, E. Kefeli, S. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Lau, K. Leitch, E. M. Megerian, K. G. Moncelsi, L. Namikawa, T. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Palladino, S. Pryke, C. Racine, B. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. 2020-05-31 https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/157374/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02392-8 unknown Springer St Germaine, T., Ade, Peter A. R. https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/view/cardiffauthors/A0479492.html orcid:0000-0002-5127-0401 orcid:0000-0002-5127-0401, Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Basu Thakur, R., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Cheshire, J., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J. A., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Megerian, K. G., Moncelsi, L., Namikawa, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn, R. W., Palladino, S., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C. https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/view/cardiffauthors/A016987K.html orcid:0000-0002-1851-3918 orcid:0000-0002-1851-3918, Turner, A. D., Umiltà , C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, E., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C. and Zhang, C. 2020. Optical characterization of the Keck Array and BICEP3 CMB polarimeters from 2016 to 2019. Journal of Low Temperature Physics 199 (3-4) , pp. 824-832. 10.1007/s10909-020-02392-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02392-8 doi:10.1007/s10909-020-02392-8 Article PeerReviewed 2020 ftunivcardiff https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02392-8 2023-03-02T23:33:52Z The BICEP/Keck experiment (BK) is a series of small-aperture refracting telescopes observing degree-scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization from the South Pole in search of a primordial B-mode signature. This B-mode signal arises from primordial gravitational waves interacting with the CMB and has amplitude parametrized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. Since 2016, BICEP3 and the Keck Array have been observing with 4800 total antenna-coupled transition-edge sensor detectors, with frequency bands spanning 95, 150, 220, and 270 GHz. Here we present the optical performance of these receivers from 2016 to 2019, including far-field beams measured in situ with an improved chopped thermal source and instrument spectral response measured with a field-deployable Fourier transform spectrometer. As a pair differencing experiment, an important systematic that must be controlled is the differential beam response between the co-located, orthogonally polarized detectors. We generate per-detector far-field beam maps and the corresponding differential beam mismatch that is used to estimate the temperature-to-polarization leakage in our CMB maps and to give feedback on detector and optics fabrication. The differential beam parameters presented here were estimated using improved low-level beam map analysis techniques, including efficient removal of non-Gaussian noise as well as improved spatial masking. These techniques help minimize systematic uncertainty in the beam analysis, with the goal of constraining the bias on r induced by temperature-to-polarization leakage to be subdominant to the statistical uncertainty. This is essential as we progress to higher detector counts in the next generation of CMB experiments. Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole Cardiff University: ORCA (Online Research @ Cardiff) South Pole Journal of Low Temperature Physics 199 3-4 824 832 |