Extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic
The mechanical interaction of propagating normal faults is known to influence the linkage geometry of first-order faults, and the development of second-order faults and fractures, which transfer displacement within relay zones. Here we use natural examples of growth faults from two active volcanic r...
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European Geosciences Union
2017
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Online Access: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/106776/ https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-1161-2017 https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/106776/7/Bubeck_NAtl_SolidEarth2017%20%281%29.pdf |
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ftunivcardiff:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:106776 2023-06-11T04:13:12+02:00 Extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic Bubeck, Alodie Walker, Richard J. Imber, Jonathan Holdsworth, Robert E. MacLeod, Christopher Holwell, David A. 2017-11-22 application/pdf https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/106776/ https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-1161-2017 https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/106776/7/Bubeck_NAtl_SolidEarth2017%20%281%29.pdf en eng European Geosciences Union https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/106776/7/Bubeck_NAtl_SolidEarth2017%20%281%29.pdf Bubeck, Alodie, Walker, Richard J., Imber, Jonathan, Holdsworth, Robert E., MacLeod, Christopher https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/view/cardiffauthors/A064322J.html orcid:0000-0002-0460-1626 orcid:0000-0002-0460-1626 and Holwell, David A. 2017. Extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic. Solid Eart 8 , pp. 1161-1180. 10.5194/se-8-1161-2017 https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-1161-2017 file https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/106776/7/Bubeck_NAtl_SolidEarth2017%20%281%29.pdf doi:10.5194/se-8-1161-2017 cc_by Article PeerReviewed 2017 ftunivcardiff https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-1161-2017 2023-05-04T22:34:55Z The mechanical interaction of propagating normal faults is known to influence the linkage geometry of first-order faults, and the development of second-order faults and fractures, which transfer displacement within relay zones. Here we use natural examples of growth faults from two active volcanic rift zones (Koa`e, island of Hawai`i, and Krafla, northern Iceland) to illustrate the importance of horizontal-plane extension (heave) gradients, and associated vertical axis rotations, in evolving continental rift systems. Second-order extension and extensional-shear faults within the relay zones variably resolve components of regional extension, and components of extension and/or shortening parallel to the rift zone, to accommodate the inherently three-dimensional (3-D) strains associated with relay zone development and rotation. Such a configuration involves volume increase, which is accommodated at the surface by open fractures; in the subsurface this may be accommodated by veins or dikes oriented obliquely and normal to the rift axis. To consider the scalability of the effects of relay zone rotations, we compare the geometry and kinematics of fault and fracture sets in the Koa`e and Krafla rift zones with data from exhumed contemporaneous fault and dike systems developed within a > 5×104 km2 relay system that developed during formation of the NE Atlantic margins. Based on the findings presented here we propose a new conceptual model for the evolution of segmented continental rift basins on the NE Atlantic margins. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Cardiff University: ORCA (Online Research @ Cardiff) Krafla ENVELOPE(-16.747,-16.747,65.713,65.713) Solid Earth 8 6 1161 1180 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Cardiff University: ORCA (Online Research @ Cardiff) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivcardiff |
language |
English |
description |
The mechanical interaction of propagating normal faults is known to influence the linkage geometry of first-order faults, and the development of second-order faults and fractures, which transfer displacement within relay zones. Here we use natural examples of growth faults from two active volcanic rift zones (Koa`e, island of Hawai`i, and Krafla, northern Iceland) to illustrate the importance of horizontal-plane extension (heave) gradients, and associated vertical axis rotations, in evolving continental rift systems. Second-order extension and extensional-shear faults within the relay zones variably resolve components of regional extension, and components of extension and/or shortening parallel to the rift zone, to accommodate the inherently three-dimensional (3-D) strains associated with relay zone development and rotation. Such a configuration involves volume increase, which is accommodated at the surface by open fractures; in the subsurface this may be accommodated by veins or dikes oriented obliquely and normal to the rift axis. To consider the scalability of the effects of relay zone rotations, we compare the geometry and kinematics of fault and fracture sets in the Koa`e and Krafla rift zones with data from exhumed contemporaneous fault and dike systems developed within a > 5×104 km2 relay system that developed during formation of the NE Atlantic margins. Based on the findings presented here we propose a new conceptual model for the evolution of segmented continental rift basins on the NE Atlantic margins. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bubeck, Alodie Walker, Richard J. Imber, Jonathan Holdsworth, Robert E. MacLeod, Christopher Holwell, David A. |
spellingShingle |
Bubeck, Alodie Walker, Richard J. Imber, Jonathan Holdsworth, Robert E. MacLeod, Christopher Holwell, David A. Extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic |
author_facet |
Bubeck, Alodie Walker, Richard J. Imber, Jonathan Holdsworth, Robert E. MacLeod, Christopher Holwell, David A. |
author_sort |
Bubeck, Alodie |
title |
Extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic |
title_short |
Extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic |
title_full |
Extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic |
title_fullStr |
Extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic |
title_sort |
extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the ne atlantic |
publisher |
European Geosciences Union |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/106776/ https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-1161-2017 https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/106776/7/Bubeck_NAtl_SolidEarth2017%20%281%29.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-16.747,-16.747,65.713,65.713) |
geographic |
Krafla |
geographic_facet |
Krafla |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/106776/7/Bubeck_NAtl_SolidEarth2017%20%281%29.pdf Bubeck, Alodie, Walker, Richard J., Imber, Jonathan, Holdsworth, Robert E., MacLeod, Christopher https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/view/cardiffauthors/A064322J.html orcid:0000-0002-0460-1626 orcid:0000-0002-0460-1626 and Holwell, David A. 2017. Extension parallel to the rift zone during segmented fault growth: application to the evolution of the NE Atlantic. Solid Eart 8 , pp. 1161-1180. 10.5194/se-8-1161-2017 https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-1161-2017 file https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/106776/7/Bubeck_NAtl_SolidEarth2017%20%281%29.pdf doi:10.5194/se-8-1161-2017 |
op_rights |
cc_by |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-1161-2017 |
container_title |
Solid Earth |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1161 |
op_container_end_page |
1180 |
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1768389929188982784 |