Multi-species models of Antarctic krill predators : do competitive effects influence estimates of pre-exploitation whale abundance and recovery?
Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-111). Many species of baleen whales and seals in the Southern Hemisphere were subject to intensive overexploitation by commercial harvesting in the last two centuries, and many populations were reduced to very low levels. Krill is the...
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ftunivcapetownir:oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/4911 2024-09-15T17:48:23+00:00 Multi-species models of Antarctic krill predators : do competitive effects influence estimates of pre-exploitation whale abundance and recovery? Mkango, Sara Butterworth, Doug S Plagányi, Éva E 2008 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4911 eng eng Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics Faculty of Science University of Cape Town http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4911 Mathematics and Applied Mathematics Master Thesis Masters MSc 2008 ftunivcapetownir 2024-06-25T03:41:49Z Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-111). Many species of baleen whales and seals in the Southern Hemisphere were subject to intensive overexploitation by commercial harvesting in the last two centuries, and many populations were reduced to very low levels. Krill is the dominant prey item of these species. Harvesting (to near extinction) of the large baleen whales (blue, humpback and fin whales) from the start of the 20th century led to a likely increase in the availability of krill to other krill predators such as the Antarctic minke whales and crabeater seals. This phenomenon is referred to as the “krill surplus” hypothesis and has been a central hypothesis of Antarctic ecosystem studies. This thesis aims to better understand species interactions in the Antarctic through developing and extending multispecies models of the system. The study considered only Region A (IWC Management Areas II, III and IV, 60°W to 130°E) because the numbers of baleen whales harvested in Atlantic/Indian Oceans were far greater than in other Oceans, so that the impacts on the dynamics of these species are likely greater. The simple models of competition between blue and fin whales developed give qualitatively similar results to the Mori-Butterworth Antarctic ecosystem model of an initial number of fin whales before exploitation began that is much lower than single species models suggest. However, there are important features of blue and fin whale CPUE data off Durban over the middle decades of the last century that are not reflected by the model results, and a number of possible reasons for this are advanced. In particular, the introduction of competition in the models predicts a steady fin whale population until 1950, but cannot reproduce the feature in the CPUE data of an increase from the 1920’s to 1950’s. The study then extends the Mori-Butterworth Antarctic ecosystem model by adding squid, which has fast dynamics compared to whales and seals. The model estimates population trends in terms of ... Master Thesis Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill baleen whales Crabeater Seals Fin whale University of Cape Town: OpenUCT |
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Mathematics and Applied Mathematics |
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Mathematics and Applied Mathematics Mkango, Sara Multi-species models of Antarctic krill predators : do competitive effects influence estimates of pre-exploitation whale abundance and recovery? |
topic_facet |
Mathematics and Applied Mathematics |
description |
Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-111). Many species of baleen whales and seals in the Southern Hemisphere were subject to intensive overexploitation by commercial harvesting in the last two centuries, and many populations were reduced to very low levels. Krill is the dominant prey item of these species. Harvesting (to near extinction) of the large baleen whales (blue, humpback and fin whales) from the start of the 20th century led to a likely increase in the availability of krill to other krill predators such as the Antarctic minke whales and crabeater seals. This phenomenon is referred to as the “krill surplus” hypothesis and has been a central hypothesis of Antarctic ecosystem studies. This thesis aims to better understand species interactions in the Antarctic through developing and extending multispecies models of the system. The study considered only Region A (IWC Management Areas II, III and IV, 60°W to 130°E) because the numbers of baleen whales harvested in Atlantic/Indian Oceans were far greater than in other Oceans, so that the impacts on the dynamics of these species are likely greater. The simple models of competition between blue and fin whales developed give qualitatively similar results to the Mori-Butterworth Antarctic ecosystem model of an initial number of fin whales before exploitation began that is much lower than single species models suggest. However, there are important features of blue and fin whale CPUE data off Durban over the middle decades of the last century that are not reflected by the model results, and a number of possible reasons for this are advanced. In particular, the introduction of competition in the models predicts a steady fin whale population until 1950, but cannot reproduce the feature in the CPUE data of an increase from the 1920’s to 1950’s. The study then extends the Mori-Butterworth Antarctic ecosystem model by adding squid, which has fast dynamics compared to whales and seals. The model estimates population trends in terms of ... |
author2 |
Butterworth, Doug S Plagányi, Éva E |
format |
Master Thesis |
author |
Mkango, Sara |
author_facet |
Mkango, Sara |
author_sort |
Mkango, Sara |
title |
Multi-species models of Antarctic krill predators : do competitive effects influence estimates of pre-exploitation whale abundance and recovery? |
title_short |
Multi-species models of Antarctic krill predators : do competitive effects influence estimates of pre-exploitation whale abundance and recovery? |
title_full |
Multi-species models of Antarctic krill predators : do competitive effects influence estimates of pre-exploitation whale abundance and recovery? |
title_fullStr |
Multi-species models of Antarctic krill predators : do competitive effects influence estimates of pre-exploitation whale abundance and recovery? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multi-species models of Antarctic krill predators : do competitive effects influence estimates of pre-exploitation whale abundance and recovery? |
title_sort |
multi-species models of antarctic krill predators : do competitive effects influence estimates of pre-exploitation whale abundance and recovery? |
publisher |
Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4911 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill baleen whales Crabeater Seals Fin whale |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill baleen whales Crabeater Seals Fin whale |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4911 |
_version_ |
1810289534720540672 |