Systematics of cetaceans using restriction site mapping of mitochondrial DNA
A phylogenetic study of eleven cetaceans was undertaken using Restriction Endonuclease Maps (RSM) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). One species from the suborder mysticeti (baleen whales) was sampled, and of the ten odontocetes (toothed whales) sampled two were from the family Ziphiidae (beaked whales)...
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Division of Chemical Pathology
1992
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27119 |
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ftunivcapetownir:oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/27119 2024-09-15T17:57:26+00:00 Systematics of cetaceans using restriction site mapping of mitochondrial DNA Ohland, Derek Paul Harley, Eric H 1992 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27119 eng eng Division of Chemical Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27119 Chemical Pathology Cetacea DNA Mitochondrial - analysis Phylogeny Restriction Mapping Master Thesis Masters MSc (Med) 1992 ftunivcapetownir 2024-06-25T03:48:30Z A phylogenetic study of eleven cetaceans was undertaken using Restriction Endonuclease Maps (RSM) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). One species from the suborder mysticeti (baleen whales) was sampled, and of the ten odontocetes (toothed whales) sampled two were from the family Ziphiidae (beaked whales) and eight were from the family Delphinidae (dolphins) (each representing a different genus). The primarily opportunistically obtained (i.e. from strandings or accidental death in commercial trawl nets) heart tissue generally yielded high quantities of mtDNA which is needed for double digest fragment analysis. The mtDNA extracted from the sampled taxa was cleaved with fifteen different six-base Restriction Enzymes (RE's). Using the three-way method of analysis and aided by the computer program Resolve (Ver. 2.7) (Harley, unpublished), RSM's were constructed. Distance (Neighbor-Joining and Fitsch-Margoliash) and cladistic (Maximum Parsimony and Bootstrap) methods were used to infer phylogenies. The baleen whale was used as an outgroup for the cladistic analysis. Both the distance and both the cladistic methods produced the same single topology, which is concordant with morphologically based classifications. The two differences (within the Delphinidae), viz. Grampus' most basally rooted position and Cephalorhynchus' grouping with the Delphininae are of taxa whose groupings are unresolved in the morphologically based classifications. Using Brown et al's (1979) molecular clock, very recent divergence times at the generic, family and suborder levels were obtained, when compared to fossil based estimates. Using the odontoceti/mysticeti split the base substitution rate of cetacean mtDNA was estimated to be much slower than that of terrestrial mammals (0,3% compared to 1,0% Myr⁻¹). A similarly slow rate was calculated for cetacean nuclear DNA (nDNA) (0,09% Myr⁻¹) (Schlotterer et al, 1991). It remains an unresolved issue as to whether the base substitution rate of cetacean DNA is slower than terrestrial mammals or whether the ... Master Thesis baleen whale baleen whales toothed whales University of Cape Town: OpenUCT |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Cape Town: OpenUCT |
op_collection_id |
ftunivcapetownir |
language |
English |
topic |
Chemical Pathology Cetacea DNA Mitochondrial - analysis Phylogeny Restriction Mapping |
spellingShingle |
Chemical Pathology Cetacea DNA Mitochondrial - analysis Phylogeny Restriction Mapping Ohland, Derek Paul Systematics of cetaceans using restriction site mapping of mitochondrial DNA |
topic_facet |
Chemical Pathology Cetacea DNA Mitochondrial - analysis Phylogeny Restriction Mapping |
description |
A phylogenetic study of eleven cetaceans was undertaken using Restriction Endonuclease Maps (RSM) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). One species from the suborder mysticeti (baleen whales) was sampled, and of the ten odontocetes (toothed whales) sampled two were from the family Ziphiidae (beaked whales) and eight were from the family Delphinidae (dolphins) (each representing a different genus). The primarily opportunistically obtained (i.e. from strandings or accidental death in commercial trawl nets) heart tissue generally yielded high quantities of mtDNA which is needed for double digest fragment analysis. The mtDNA extracted from the sampled taxa was cleaved with fifteen different six-base Restriction Enzymes (RE's). Using the three-way method of analysis and aided by the computer program Resolve (Ver. 2.7) (Harley, unpublished), RSM's were constructed. Distance (Neighbor-Joining and Fitsch-Margoliash) and cladistic (Maximum Parsimony and Bootstrap) methods were used to infer phylogenies. The baleen whale was used as an outgroup for the cladistic analysis. Both the distance and both the cladistic methods produced the same single topology, which is concordant with morphologically based classifications. The two differences (within the Delphinidae), viz. Grampus' most basally rooted position and Cephalorhynchus' grouping with the Delphininae are of taxa whose groupings are unresolved in the morphologically based classifications. Using Brown et al's (1979) molecular clock, very recent divergence times at the generic, family and suborder levels were obtained, when compared to fossil based estimates. Using the odontoceti/mysticeti split the base substitution rate of cetacean mtDNA was estimated to be much slower than that of terrestrial mammals (0,3% compared to 1,0% Myr⁻¹). A similarly slow rate was calculated for cetacean nuclear DNA (nDNA) (0,09% Myr⁻¹) (Schlotterer et al, 1991). It remains an unresolved issue as to whether the base substitution rate of cetacean DNA is slower than terrestrial mammals or whether the ... |
author2 |
Harley, Eric H |
format |
Master Thesis |
author |
Ohland, Derek Paul |
author_facet |
Ohland, Derek Paul |
author_sort |
Ohland, Derek Paul |
title |
Systematics of cetaceans using restriction site mapping of mitochondrial DNA |
title_short |
Systematics of cetaceans using restriction site mapping of mitochondrial DNA |
title_full |
Systematics of cetaceans using restriction site mapping of mitochondrial DNA |
title_fullStr |
Systematics of cetaceans using restriction site mapping of mitochondrial DNA |
title_full_unstemmed |
Systematics of cetaceans using restriction site mapping of mitochondrial DNA |
title_sort |
systematics of cetaceans using restriction site mapping of mitochondrial dna |
publisher |
Division of Chemical Pathology |
publishDate |
1992 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27119 |
genre |
baleen whale baleen whales toothed whales |
genre_facet |
baleen whale baleen whales toothed whales |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27119 |
_version_ |
1810433576863268864 |