The Sensitivity of Southern Ocean Air‐Sea Carbon Fluxes to Background Turbulent Diapycnal Mixing Variability
Funder: UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The Southern Ocean (SO) connects major ocean basins and hosts large air‐sea carbon fluxes due to the resurfacing of deep nutrient and carbon‐rich waters. While wind‐induced turbul...
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ftunivcam:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/357515 2024-02-04T10:04:29+01:00 The Sensitivity of Southern Ocean Air‐Sea Carbon Fluxes to Background Turbulent Diapycnal Mixing Variability Ellison, Elizabeth Mashayek, Ali Mazloff, Matthew 2023-09-25T14:25:07Z application/pdf text/xml https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/357515 en eng eng American Geophysical Union (AGU) http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jc019756 Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/357515 37 Earth Sciences 3708 Oceanography 3701 Atmospheric Sciences 14 Life Below Water 13 Climate Action Article 2023 ftunivcam 2024-01-11T23:34:19Z Funder: UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The Southern Ocean (SO) connects major ocean basins and hosts large air‐sea carbon fluxes due to the resurfacing of deep nutrient and carbon‐rich waters. While wind‐induced turbulent mixing in the SO mixed layer is significant for air‐sea fluxes, the importance of the orders‐of‐magnitude weaker background mixing below is less well understood. The direct impact of altering background mixing on tracers, as opposed to the response due to a longer‐term change in large‐scale ocean circulation, is also poorly studied. Topographically induced upward propagating lee waves, wind‐induced downward propagating waves generated at the base of the mixed layer, shoaling of southward propagating internal tides, and turbulence under sea ice are among the processes known to induce upper ocean background turbulence but typically are not represented in models. Here, we show that abruptly altering the background mixing in the SO over a range of values typically used in climate models (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/jgrc25661-math-0001.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:21699275:media:jgrc25661:jgrc25661-math-0001" /> m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>– <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/jgrc25661-math-0002.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:21699275:media:jgrc25661:jgrc25661-math-0002" /> m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) can lead to a ∼70% change in annual SO air‐sea CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> fluxes in the first year of perturbations, and around a ∼40% change in annual SO air‐sea CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> fluxes over the 6‐year duration of the experiment, with even greater changes on a seasonal timescale. This is primarily through altering the temperature and the dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Southern Ocean Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository Southern Ocean |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivcam |
language |
English |
topic |
37 Earth Sciences 3708 Oceanography 3701 Atmospheric Sciences 14 Life Below Water 13 Climate Action |
spellingShingle |
37 Earth Sciences 3708 Oceanography 3701 Atmospheric Sciences 14 Life Below Water 13 Climate Action Ellison, Elizabeth Mashayek, Ali Mazloff, Matthew The Sensitivity of Southern Ocean Air‐Sea Carbon Fluxes to Background Turbulent Diapycnal Mixing Variability |
topic_facet |
37 Earth Sciences 3708 Oceanography 3701 Atmospheric Sciences 14 Life Below Water 13 Climate Action |
description |
Funder: UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The Southern Ocean (SO) connects major ocean basins and hosts large air‐sea carbon fluxes due to the resurfacing of deep nutrient and carbon‐rich waters. While wind‐induced turbulent mixing in the SO mixed layer is significant for air‐sea fluxes, the importance of the orders‐of‐magnitude weaker background mixing below is less well understood. The direct impact of altering background mixing on tracers, as opposed to the response due to a longer‐term change in large‐scale ocean circulation, is also poorly studied. Topographically induced upward propagating lee waves, wind‐induced downward propagating waves generated at the base of the mixed layer, shoaling of southward propagating internal tides, and turbulence under sea ice are among the processes known to induce upper ocean background turbulence but typically are not represented in models. Here, we show that abruptly altering the background mixing in the SO over a range of values typically used in climate models (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/jgrc25661-math-0001.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:21699275:media:jgrc25661:jgrc25661-math-0001" /> m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>– <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/jgrc25661-math-0002.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:21699275:media:jgrc25661:jgrc25661-math-0002" /> m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) can lead to a ∼70% change in annual SO air‐sea CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> fluxes in the first year of perturbations, and around a ∼40% change in annual SO air‐sea CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> fluxes over the 6‐year duration of the experiment, with even greater changes on a seasonal timescale. This is primarily through altering the temperature and the dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ellison, Elizabeth Mashayek, Ali Mazloff, Matthew |
author_facet |
Ellison, Elizabeth Mashayek, Ali Mazloff, Matthew |
author_sort |
Ellison, Elizabeth |
title |
The Sensitivity of Southern Ocean Air‐Sea Carbon Fluxes to Background Turbulent Diapycnal Mixing Variability |
title_short |
The Sensitivity of Southern Ocean Air‐Sea Carbon Fluxes to Background Turbulent Diapycnal Mixing Variability |
title_full |
The Sensitivity of Southern Ocean Air‐Sea Carbon Fluxes to Background Turbulent Diapycnal Mixing Variability |
title_fullStr |
The Sensitivity of Southern Ocean Air‐Sea Carbon Fluxes to Background Turbulent Diapycnal Mixing Variability |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Sensitivity of Southern Ocean Air‐Sea Carbon Fluxes to Background Turbulent Diapycnal Mixing Variability |
title_sort |
sensitivity of southern ocean air‐sea carbon fluxes to background turbulent diapycnal mixing variability |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/357515 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/357515 |
_version_ |
1789972974149828608 |