Fast magma ascent, revised estimates from the deglaciation of Iceland
Partial melting of asthenospheric mantle generates magma that supplies volcanic systems. The timescale of melt extraction from the mantle has been hotly debated. Microstructural measurements of permeability typically suggest relatively slow melt extraction (1 m/yr) whereas geochemical (Uranium-decay...
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ftunivcam:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/311015 2024-01-14T10:07:51+01:00 Fast magma ascent, revised estimates from the deglaciation of Iceland Rees Jones, DW Rudge, JF 2020 application/pdf https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/311015 https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.58105 eng eng Elsevier BV http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116324 Earth and Planetary Science Letters https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/311015 doi:10.17863/CAM.58105 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ magma migration magma velocity mid-ocean ridges Iceland deglaciation Article 2020 ftunivcam https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.58105 2023-12-21T23:22:47Z Partial melting of asthenospheric mantle generates magma that supplies volcanic systems. The timescale of melt extraction from the mantle has been hotly debated. Microstructural measurements of permeability typically suggest relatively slow melt extraction (1 m/yr) whereas geochemical (Uranium-decay series) and geophysical observations suggest much faster melt extraction (100 m/yr). The deglaciation of Iceland triggered additional mantle melting and magma flux at the surface. The rapid response has been used to argue for relatively rapid melt extraction. However, this episode must, at least to some extent, be unrepresentative, because the rates of magma eruption at the surface increased about thirty-fold relative to the steady state. Our goal is to quantify this unrepresentativeness. We develop a one-dimensional, time-dependent and nonlinear (far from steady-state), model forced by the most recent, and best mapped, Icelandic deglaciation. We find that 30 m/yr is the best estimate of the steady-state maximum melt velocity. This is a factor of about 3 smaller than previously claimed, but still relatively fast. We translate these estimates to other mid-ocean ridges accounting for differences in passive and active upwelling and degree of melting. We find that fast melt extraction greater than about 10 m/yr prevails globally. Leverhulme Trust Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository |
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Open Polar |
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Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository |
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language |
English |
topic |
magma migration magma velocity mid-ocean ridges Iceland deglaciation |
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magma migration magma velocity mid-ocean ridges Iceland deglaciation Rees Jones, DW Rudge, JF Fast magma ascent, revised estimates from the deglaciation of Iceland |
topic_facet |
magma migration magma velocity mid-ocean ridges Iceland deglaciation |
description |
Partial melting of asthenospheric mantle generates magma that supplies volcanic systems. The timescale of melt extraction from the mantle has been hotly debated. Microstructural measurements of permeability typically suggest relatively slow melt extraction (1 m/yr) whereas geochemical (Uranium-decay series) and geophysical observations suggest much faster melt extraction (100 m/yr). The deglaciation of Iceland triggered additional mantle melting and magma flux at the surface. The rapid response has been used to argue for relatively rapid melt extraction. However, this episode must, at least to some extent, be unrepresentative, because the rates of magma eruption at the surface increased about thirty-fold relative to the steady state. Our goal is to quantify this unrepresentativeness. We develop a one-dimensional, time-dependent and nonlinear (far from steady-state), model forced by the most recent, and best mapped, Icelandic deglaciation. We find that 30 m/yr is the best estimate of the steady-state maximum melt velocity. This is a factor of about 3 smaller than previously claimed, but still relatively fast. We translate these estimates to other mid-ocean ridges accounting for differences in passive and active upwelling and degree of melting. We find that fast melt extraction greater than about 10 m/yr prevails globally. Leverhulme Trust |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rees Jones, DW Rudge, JF |
author_facet |
Rees Jones, DW Rudge, JF |
author_sort |
Rees Jones, DW |
title |
Fast magma ascent, revised estimates from the deglaciation of Iceland |
title_short |
Fast magma ascent, revised estimates from the deglaciation of Iceland |
title_full |
Fast magma ascent, revised estimates from the deglaciation of Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Fast magma ascent, revised estimates from the deglaciation of Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fast magma ascent, revised estimates from the deglaciation of Iceland |
title_sort |
fast magma ascent, revised estimates from the deglaciation of iceland |
publisher |
Elsevier BV |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/311015 https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.58105 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/311015 doi:10.17863/CAM.58105 |
op_rights |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.58105 |
_version_ |
1788062268115648512 |