Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China
Paektu volcano (Changbaishan) is a rhyolitic caldera that straddles the border between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and China. Its most recent large eruption was the Millennium Eruption (ME; 23 km$^{3}$ dense rock equivalent) circa 946 CE, which resulted in the release of copious magmat...
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ftunivcam:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/261859 2024-02-04T10:00:54+01:00 Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China Iacovino, K Ju-Song, K Sisson, T Lowenstern, J Kuk-Hun, R Jong-Nam, J Kun-Ho, S Song-Hwan, H Oppenheimer, C Hammond, JOS Donovan, A Liu, KW Kum-Ran, R 2016-11-30 application/pdf https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/261859 https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.7080 eng eng American Association for the Advancement of Science http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600913 Science Advances https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/261859 doi:10.17863/CAM.7080 Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ volcanic gas emissions volatiles Paektu Millennium Eruption melt inclusions Article 2016 ftunivcam https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.7080 2024-01-11T23:24:11Z Paektu volcano (Changbaishan) is a rhyolitic caldera that straddles the border between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and China. Its most recent large eruption was the Millennium Eruption (ME; 23 km$^{3}$ dense rock equivalent) circa 946 CE, which resulted in the release of copious magmatic volatiles (H$_{2}$O, CO$_{2}$, sulfur, and halogens). Accurate quantification of volatile yield and composition is critical in assessing volcanogenic climate impacts but is challenging, particularly for events before the satellite era. We use a geochemical technique to quantify volatile composition and upper bounds to yields for the ME by examining trends in incompatible trace and volatile element concentrations in crystal-hosted melt inclusions. We estimate that the ME could have emitted as much as 45 Tg of S to the atmosphere. This is greater than the quantity of S released by the 1815 eruption of Tambora, which contributed to the “year without a summer.” Our maximum gas yield estimates place the ME among the strongest emitters of climate-forcing gases in the Common Era. However, ice cores from Greenland record only a relatively weak sulfate signal attributed to the ME. We suggest that other factors came into play in minimizing the glaciochemical signature. This paradoxical case in which high S emissions do not result in a strong glacial sulfate signal may present a way forward in building more https://symplectic.admin.cam.ac.uk/objectedit.html?cid=1&oid=876954generalized models for interpreting which volcanic eruptions have produced large climate impacts. K.I. was supported by the NSF under award no. 1349486 and by AAAS. Fieldwork was supported by the Richard Lounsbery Foundation. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository Greenland |
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English |
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volcanic gas emissions volatiles Paektu Millennium Eruption melt inclusions |
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volcanic gas emissions volatiles Paektu Millennium Eruption melt inclusions Iacovino, K Ju-Song, K Sisson, T Lowenstern, J Kuk-Hun, R Jong-Nam, J Kun-Ho, S Song-Hwan, H Oppenheimer, C Hammond, JOS Donovan, A Liu, KW Kum-Ran, R Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China |
topic_facet |
volcanic gas emissions volatiles Paektu Millennium Eruption melt inclusions |
description |
Paektu volcano (Changbaishan) is a rhyolitic caldera that straddles the border between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and China. Its most recent large eruption was the Millennium Eruption (ME; 23 km$^{3}$ dense rock equivalent) circa 946 CE, which resulted in the release of copious magmatic volatiles (H$_{2}$O, CO$_{2}$, sulfur, and halogens). Accurate quantification of volatile yield and composition is critical in assessing volcanogenic climate impacts but is challenging, particularly for events before the satellite era. We use a geochemical technique to quantify volatile composition and upper bounds to yields for the ME by examining trends in incompatible trace and volatile element concentrations in crystal-hosted melt inclusions. We estimate that the ME could have emitted as much as 45 Tg of S to the atmosphere. This is greater than the quantity of S released by the 1815 eruption of Tambora, which contributed to the “year without a summer.” Our maximum gas yield estimates place the ME among the strongest emitters of climate-forcing gases in the Common Era. However, ice cores from Greenland record only a relatively weak sulfate signal attributed to the ME. We suggest that other factors came into play in minimizing the glaciochemical signature. This paradoxical case in which high S emissions do not result in a strong glacial sulfate signal may present a way forward in building more https://symplectic.admin.cam.ac.uk/objectedit.html?cid=1&oid=876954generalized models for interpreting which volcanic eruptions have produced large climate impacts. K.I. was supported by the NSF under award no. 1349486 and by AAAS. Fieldwork was supported by the Richard Lounsbery Foundation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Iacovino, K Ju-Song, K Sisson, T Lowenstern, J Kuk-Hun, R Jong-Nam, J Kun-Ho, S Song-Hwan, H Oppenheimer, C Hammond, JOS Donovan, A Liu, KW Kum-Ran, R |
author_facet |
Iacovino, K Ju-Song, K Sisson, T Lowenstern, J Kuk-Hun, R Jong-Nam, J Kun-Ho, S Song-Hwan, H Oppenheimer, C Hammond, JOS Donovan, A Liu, KW Kum-Ran, R |
author_sort |
Iacovino, K |
title |
Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China |
title_short |
Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China |
title_full |
Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China |
title_fullStr |
Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China |
title_sort |
quantifying gas emissions from the "millennium eruption" of paektu volcano, democratic peoples republic of korea/china |
publisher |
American Association for the Advancement of Science |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/261859 https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.7080 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland |
genre_facet |
Greenland |
op_relation |
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/261859 doi:10.17863/CAM.7080 |
op_rights |
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.7080 |
_version_ |
1789966415432777728 |