| Summary: | The glacial climate system transitioned rapidly between cold (stadial) and warm (interstadial) conditions in the Northern Hemisphere. This variability, referred to as Dansgaard–Oeschger variability, is widely believed to arise from perturbations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Evidence for such changes during the longer Heinrich stadials has been identified, but direct evidence for overturning circulation changes during Dansgaard–Oeschger events has proven elusive. Here we reconstruct bottom water [CO₃²⁻] variability from B/Ca ratios of benthic foraminifera and indicators of sedimentary dissolution, and use these reconstructions to infer the flow of northern-sourced deep water to the deep central sub-Antarctic Atlantic Ocean. We find that nearly every Dansgaard–Oeschger interstadial is accompanied by a rapid incursion of North Atlantic Deep Water into the deep South Atlantic. Based on these results and transient climate model simulations, we conclude that North Atlantic stadial–interstadial climate variability was associated with significant Atlantic overturning circulation changes that were rapidly transmitted across the Atlantic. However, by demonstrating the persistent role of Atlantic overturning circulation changes in past abrupt climate variability, our reconstructions of carbonate chemistry further indicate that the carbon cycle response to abrupt climate change was not a simple function of North Atlantic overturning. J.G. was funded by the Gates Cambridge Trust. L.C.S. would like to acknowledge NERC grant NE/J010545/1 and the Royal Society. S.M. was supported by ERC grant 2010-NEWLOG ADG-267931 HE. L.M. was supported by the Australian Research Council grant DE150100107. A.T. acknowledges support from the US NSF (grants 1400914, 1341311). This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from NPG via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2558
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