Genetic Analysis of Birnirk Inuit from the Alaskan North Slope

Archaeological evidence indicates that Birnirk peoples (AD 650 – 1300) are the proposed genetic ancestors of the Thule Inuit (AD 950 – 1400) and are potentially an intermediary population between the Thule Inuit and earlier Old Bering Sea people (AD 1 – 1000). We sequenced the first hypervariable re...

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Main Authors: Unkel, Sarah L., Norman, Lauren E.Y., Tackney, Justin, Krus, Anthony M., Jensen, Anne M., Alix, Claire, Mason, Owen, O'Rourke, Dennis H.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: The Arctic Institute of North America 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/74916
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author Unkel, Sarah L.
Norman, Lauren E.Y.
Tackney, Justin
Krus, Anthony M.
Jensen, Anne M.
Alix, Claire
Mason, Owen
O'Rourke, Dennis H.
author_facet Unkel, Sarah L.
Norman, Lauren E.Y.
Tackney, Justin
Krus, Anthony M.
Jensen, Anne M.
Alix, Claire
Mason, Owen
O'Rourke, Dennis H.
author_sort Unkel, Sarah L.
collection Unknown
description Archaeological evidence indicates that Birnirk peoples (AD 650 – 1300) are the proposed genetic ancestors of the Thule Inuit (AD 950 – 1400) and are potentially an intermediary population between the Thule Inuit and earlier Old Bering Sea people (AD 1 – 1000). We sequenced the first hypervariable region of the mitochondrial DNA of 22 clearly associated Birnirk individuals from the Piġniq (Birnirk), Kugok, Kugusugaruk, and Nunavak sites on the North Slope of Alaska. Haplotypes A2a, A2a1, A2a3, A2b1, and D4b1a2a1a were identified in this population, demonstrating an expansion of Birnirk maternal genetic diversity. Maternal lineages from these individuals were evaluated with other past and contemporary Inuit populations from the Chukotka Peninsula to eastern Greenland. Our findings confirm Birnirk Inuit as probable maternal ancestors to Thule Inuit and may be among the first peoples possessing these lineages to have moved into the western North American Arctic from the Bering Strait region. Selon des preuves archéologiques, les Birnirks (650 à 1300 A.D.) sont les ancêtres génétiques proposés des Inuits thuléens (950 à 1400 A.D.) et pourraient représenter une population intermédiaire entre les Inuits thuléens et un peuple antérieur du Vieux Béring (1 à 1000 A.D.). Nous avons séquencé la première région hypervariable de l’ADN mitochondrial de 22 individus se rapportant manifestement aux Birnirks en provenance des sites Piġniq (Birnirk), Kugok, Kugusugaruk et Nunavak sur le versant nord de l’Alaska. Les haplotypes A2a, A2a1, A2a3, A2b1 et D4b1a2a1a ont été identifiés au sein de cette population, ce qui démontre une expansion de la diversité génétique maternelle des Birnirks. Les lignées maternelles de ces individus ont été évaluées par rapport à d’autres populations anciennes et contemporaines d’Inuits, allant de la péninsule des Tchouktches jusqu’à l’est du Groenland. Nos constatations permettent de confirmer que les Inuits birnikiens sont les ancêtres maternels probables des Inuits thuléens et qu’ils pourraient ...
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
genre Arctic
Arctic
Arctique*
Bering Sea
Bering Strait
Chukotka
Chukotka Peninsula
Greenland
Groenland
inuit
inuits
north slope
Tchouktche*
Thule
Thulé
Alaska
genre_facet Arctic
Arctic
Arctique*
Bering Sea
Bering Strait
Chukotka
Chukotka Peninsula
Greenland
Groenland
inuit
inuits
north slope
Tchouktche*
Thule
Thulé
Alaska
geographic Arctic
Bering Sea
Bering Strait
Greenland
geographic_facet Arctic
Bering Sea
Bering Strait
Greenland
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op_rights Copyright (c) 2022 ARCTIC
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op_source ARCTIC; Vol. 75 No. 1 (2022): March: 1-148; 121-132
1923-1245
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publisher The Arctic Institute of North America
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spelling ftunivcalgaryojs:oai:journalhosting.ucalgary.ca:article/74916 2025-06-15T14:14:44+00:00 Genetic Analysis of Birnirk Inuit from the Alaskan North Slope Unkel, Sarah L. Norman, Lauren E.Y. Tackney, Justin Krus, Anthony M. Jensen, Anne M. Alix, Claire Mason, Owen O'Rourke, Dennis H. 2022-03-16 application/pdf https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/74916 eng eng The Arctic Institute of North America https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/74916/55702 https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/74916 Copyright (c) 2022 ARCTIC http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ARCTIC; Vol. 75 No. 1 (2022): March: 1-148; 121-132 1923-1245 0004-0843 Birnirk Thule Inuit Arctic ancient DNA Thulé Arctique ADN ancien info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion research-article 2022 ftunivcalgaryojs 2025-05-27T03:29:43Z Archaeological evidence indicates that Birnirk peoples (AD 650 – 1300) are the proposed genetic ancestors of the Thule Inuit (AD 950 – 1400) and are potentially an intermediary population between the Thule Inuit and earlier Old Bering Sea people (AD 1 – 1000). We sequenced the first hypervariable region of the mitochondrial DNA of 22 clearly associated Birnirk individuals from the Piġniq (Birnirk), Kugok, Kugusugaruk, and Nunavak sites on the North Slope of Alaska. Haplotypes A2a, A2a1, A2a3, A2b1, and D4b1a2a1a were identified in this population, demonstrating an expansion of Birnirk maternal genetic diversity. Maternal lineages from these individuals were evaluated with other past and contemporary Inuit populations from the Chukotka Peninsula to eastern Greenland. Our findings confirm Birnirk Inuit as probable maternal ancestors to Thule Inuit and may be among the first peoples possessing these lineages to have moved into the western North American Arctic from the Bering Strait region. Selon des preuves archéologiques, les Birnirks (650 à 1300 A.D.) sont les ancêtres génétiques proposés des Inuits thuléens (950 à 1400 A.D.) et pourraient représenter une population intermédiaire entre les Inuits thuléens et un peuple antérieur du Vieux Béring (1 à 1000 A.D.). Nous avons séquencé la première région hypervariable de l’ADN mitochondrial de 22 individus se rapportant manifestement aux Birnirks en provenance des sites Piġniq (Birnirk), Kugok, Kugusugaruk et Nunavak sur le versant nord de l’Alaska. Les haplotypes A2a, A2a1, A2a3, A2b1 et D4b1a2a1a ont été identifiés au sein de cette population, ce qui démontre une expansion de la diversité génétique maternelle des Birnirks. Les lignées maternelles de ces individus ont été évaluées par rapport à d’autres populations anciennes et contemporaines d’Inuits, allant de la péninsule des Tchouktches jusqu’à l’est du Groenland. Nos constatations permettent de confirmer que les Inuits birnikiens sont les ancêtres maternels probables des Inuits thuléens et qu’ils pourraient ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Arctique* Bering Sea Bering Strait Chukotka Chukotka Peninsula Greenland Groenland inuit inuits north slope Tchouktche* Thule Thulé Alaska Unknown Arctic Bering Sea Bering Strait Greenland
spellingShingle Birnirk
Thule
Inuit
Arctic
ancient DNA
Thulé
Arctique
ADN ancien
Unkel, Sarah L.
Norman, Lauren E.Y.
Tackney, Justin
Krus, Anthony M.
Jensen, Anne M.
Alix, Claire
Mason, Owen
O'Rourke, Dennis H.
Genetic Analysis of Birnirk Inuit from the Alaskan North Slope
title Genetic Analysis of Birnirk Inuit from the Alaskan North Slope
title_full Genetic Analysis of Birnirk Inuit from the Alaskan North Slope
title_fullStr Genetic Analysis of Birnirk Inuit from the Alaskan North Slope
title_full_unstemmed Genetic Analysis of Birnirk Inuit from the Alaskan North Slope
title_short Genetic Analysis of Birnirk Inuit from the Alaskan North Slope
title_sort genetic analysis of birnirk inuit from the alaskan north slope
topic Birnirk
Thule
Inuit
Arctic
ancient DNA
Thulé
Arctique
ADN ancien
topic_facet Birnirk
Thule
Inuit
Arctic
ancient DNA
Thulé
Arctique
ADN ancien
url https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/74916