Ice Flora (Bottom Type): A Mechanism of Primary Production in Polar Seas and the Growth of Diatoms in Sea Ice
A yellowish-brown layer at the bottom of summer sea ice, upturned by an icebreaker, off the coast at Point Barrow, Alaska, extended up to 30 cm from the bottom. It consisted of large diatom colonies which were found to have been formed in brine included in fissures between vertically oriented ice cr...
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Language: | English |
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The Arctic Institute of North America
1967
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Online Access: | https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/66338 |
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ftunivcalgaryojs:oai:journalhosting.ucalgary.ca:article/66338 2023-05-15T13:54:49+02:00 Ice Flora (Bottom Type): A Mechanism of Primary Production in Polar Seas and the Growth of Diatoms in Sea Ice Meguro, Hiroshi Ito, Kuniyuki Fukushima, Hiroshi 1967-01-01 application/pdf https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/66338 eng eng The Arctic Institute of North America https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/66338/50251 https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/66338 ARCTIC; Vol. 20 No. 2 (1967): June: 61–144; 114-133 1923-1245 0004-0843 Atmospheric pressure Beaches Breakup Climate change Coast changes Coasts Diurnal variations Erosion Floods Formation Gravel Ice cover Sea level Seasonal variations Sediment transport Storms Tides Winds Velocity Barrow region Alaska Barrow waters Barrow Point region waters info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion research-article 1967 ftunivcalgaryojs 2022-03-22T21:23:12Z A yellowish-brown layer at the bottom of summer sea ice, upturned by an icebreaker, off the coast at Point Barrow, Alaska, extended up to 30 cm from the bottom. It consisted of large diatom colonies which were found to have been formed in brine included in fissures between vertically oriented ice crystals. Grazing by zooplankton was highly restricted because the structure of the ice microhabitat prevented their entry. The chlorophyll content of the layer studied was 100 times greater than that of sea water under the ice. This suggests that the most important primary production of the Arctic is in the sea ice. The biological environment of the colored layer at the bottom of the sea ice is summarized, viz: relatively stable temperature (-3 to 0 C), sufficient nutrient supply, variable osmotic pressure, stronger light conditions than in sea water below, limited grazing by zooplankton, and probable abundance of organic matter. Flore de la glace (type basal): mécanisme de production première dans les mers polaires et croissance des diatomées dans la glace de mer. Durant l'été de 1964, une étude effectuée au large de Barrow a révélé que, dans l'Arctique, la glace de mer présente une structure stratifiée par la croissance de diatomées. Ces diatomées se multiplient dans les solutions salines des microfissures entre les fins cristaux de la glace et forment une couche brune près de la surface inférieure.Le contenu chlorophyllien de la couche étudiée était de 120 µg par litre, c'est-à-dire cent fois plus grand que celui de l'eau de mer sous la glace, ce qui permet d'émettre l'hypothèse que, dans l'Arctique, la production première se fait dans la glace de mer, surtout au printemps et au début de l'été. Des études ont aussi été menées sur la flore des diatomées et le mécanisme de dégradation de la glace lié aux effets biologiques; on a finalement comparé les conditions arctiques et antarctiques. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctique* Arctic Arctic Arctique* Barrow Climate change Point Barrow Sea ice Zooplankton Alaska University of Calgary Journal Hosting Arctic Brune ENVELOPE(6.723,6.723,62.526,62.526) ARCTIC 20 2 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Calgary Journal Hosting |
op_collection_id |
ftunivcalgaryojs |
language |
English |
topic |
Atmospheric pressure Beaches Breakup Climate change Coast changes Coasts Diurnal variations Erosion Floods Formation Gravel Ice cover Sea level Seasonal variations Sediment transport Storms Tides Winds Velocity Barrow region Alaska Barrow waters Barrow Point region waters |
spellingShingle |
Atmospheric pressure Beaches Breakup Climate change Coast changes Coasts Diurnal variations Erosion Floods Formation Gravel Ice cover Sea level Seasonal variations Sediment transport Storms Tides Winds Velocity Barrow region Alaska Barrow waters Barrow Point region waters Meguro, Hiroshi Ito, Kuniyuki Fukushima, Hiroshi Ice Flora (Bottom Type): A Mechanism of Primary Production in Polar Seas and the Growth of Diatoms in Sea Ice |
topic_facet |
Atmospheric pressure Beaches Breakup Climate change Coast changes Coasts Diurnal variations Erosion Floods Formation Gravel Ice cover Sea level Seasonal variations Sediment transport Storms Tides Winds Velocity Barrow region Alaska Barrow waters Barrow Point region waters |
description |
A yellowish-brown layer at the bottom of summer sea ice, upturned by an icebreaker, off the coast at Point Barrow, Alaska, extended up to 30 cm from the bottom. It consisted of large diatom colonies which were found to have been formed in brine included in fissures between vertically oriented ice crystals. Grazing by zooplankton was highly restricted because the structure of the ice microhabitat prevented their entry. The chlorophyll content of the layer studied was 100 times greater than that of sea water under the ice. This suggests that the most important primary production of the Arctic is in the sea ice. The biological environment of the colored layer at the bottom of the sea ice is summarized, viz: relatively stable temperature (-3 to 0 C), sufficient nutrient supply, variable osmotic pressure, stronger light conditions than in sea water below, limited grazing by zooplankton, and probable abundance of organic matter. Flore de la glace (type basal): mécanisme de production première dans les mers polaires et croissance des diatomées dans la glace de mer. Durant l'été de 1964, une étude effectuée au large de Barrow a révélé que, dans l'Arctique, la glace de mer présente une structure stratifiée par la croissance de diatomées. Ces diatomées se multiplient dans les solutions salines des microfissures entre les fins cristaux de la glace et forment une couche brune près de la surface inférieure.Le contenu chlorophyllien de la couche étudiée était de 120 µg par litre, c'est-à-dire cent fois plus grand que celui de l'eau de mer sous la glace, ce qui permet d'émettre l'hypothèse que, dans l'Arctique, la production première se fait dans la glace de mer, surtout au printemps et au début de l'été. Des études ont aussi été menées sur la flore des diatomées et le mécanisme de dégradation de la glace lié aux effets biologiques; on a finalement comparé les conditions arctiques et antarctiques. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Meguro, Hiroshi Ito, Kuniyuki Fukushima, Hiroshi |
author_facet |
Meguro, Hiroshi Ito, Kuniyuki Fukushima, Hiroshi |
author_sort |
Meguro, Hiroshi |
title |
Ice Flora (Bottom Type): A Mechanism of Primary Production in Polar Seas and the Growth of Diatoms in Sea Ice |
title_short |
Ice Flora (Bottom Type): A Mechanism of Primary Production in Polar Seas and the Growth of Diatoms in Sea Ice |
title_full |
Ice Flora (Bottom Type): A Mechanism of Primary Production in Polar Seas and the Growth of Diatoms in Sea Ice |
title_fullStr |
Ice Flora (Bottom Type): A Mechanism of Primary Production in Polar Seas and the Growth of Diatoms in Sea Ice |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ice Flora (Bottom Type): A Mechanism of Primary Production in Polar Seas and the Growth of Diatoms in Sea Ice |
title_sort |
ice flora (bottom type): a mechanism of primary production in polar seas and the growth of diatoms in sea ice |
publisher |
The Arctic Institute of North America |
publishDate |
1967 |
url |
https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/66338 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(6.723,6.723,62.526,62.526) |
geographic |
Arctic Brune |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Brune |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctique* Arctic Arctic Arctique* Barrow Climate change Point Barrow Sea ice Zooplankton Alaska |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctique* Arctic Arctic Arctique* Barrow Climate change Point Barrow Sea ice Zooplankton Alaska |
op_source |
ARCTIC; Vol. 20 No. 2 (1967): June: 61–144; 114-133 1923-1245 0004-0843 |
op_relation |
https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/66338/50251 https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/66338 |
container_title |
ARCTIC |
container_volume |
20 |
container_issue |
2 |
_version_ |
1766260956373975040 |