Alaskan Submarine Cables: A Struggle with a Harsh Environment

Reviews the laying, repair and maintenance of telegraph and cable systems, at one time 86 submarine cables, between Puget Sound and Alaska 1901-60. Failures due to entanglement by whales, bruising and mauling by anchors and fishing trawls and various destructive effects of geologic agents on the sea...

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Published in:ARCTIC
Main Authors: Heezen, Bruce C., Johnson, G. Leonard
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: The Arctic Institute of North America 1969
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/66283
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spelling ftunivcalgaryojs:oai:journalhosting.ucalgary.ca:article/66283 2023-05-15T14:19:20+02:00 Alaskan Submarine Cables: A Struggle with a Harsh Environment Heezen, Bruce C. Johnson, G. Leonard 1969-01-01 application/pdf https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/66283 eng eng The Arctic Institute of North America https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/66283/50196 https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/66283 ARCTIC; Vol. 22 No. 4 (1969): December: 365–456; 413-424 1923-1245 0004-0843 Active layer Creep Frozen ground Mass wasting Permafrost Plant cover Plant distribution Plant-soil relationships Plants (Biology) Slopes Ruby Range Yukon info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion research-article 1969 ftunivcalgaryojs 2022-03-22T21:23:12Z Reviews the laying, repair and maintenance of telegraph and cable systems, at one time 86 submarine cables, between Puget Sound and Alaska 1901-60. Failures due to entanglement by whales, bruising and mauling by anchors and fishing trawls and various destructive effects of geologic agents on the sea floor are noted. In straits on the continental shelf and upper continental slope, cable failures are attributed primarily to chafe by bottom currents and, off the mouths of major streams, to turbidity currents and gravitational slides. Cable repair data for 1903-58 are tabulated, showing reported causes. Some cables at depths of 1000-1500 fathoms on the continental margin cross at least 40 major canyons, but have never failed because of turbidity currents; this indicates a lapse of 2000, possibly 5000 yr since such currents occurred in this region. Les câbles sous-marins en Alaska, une lutte contre un milieu difficile. A un moment donné, le système de communications de l'Alaska comprenait 86 câbles télégraphiques sous-marins, s'étendant du Puget Sound vers le nord à travers l'Alaska côtier, puis vers l'ouest jusqu'à l'arc des Aléoutiennes. Les pannes de ces câbles sont révélatrices des forces dynamiques naturelles qui affectent le fond des mers. Dans les détroits du plateau continental et de la partie supérieure du talus continental, les bris s'expliquent par le frottement dû aux courants profonds: à l'embouchure des grands cours d'eau, ils sont provoqués par les courants de turbidité et les glissements sous-marins. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic permafrost Alaska Yukon University of Calgary Journal Hosting Bris ENVELOPE(-59.824,-59.824,-63.983,-63.983) Le Fond ENVELOPE(-55.815,-55.815,51.067,51.067) Yukon ARCTIC 22 4
institution Open Polar
collection University of Calgary Journal Hosting
op_collection_id ftunivcalgaryojs
language English
topic Active layer
Creep
Frozen ground
Mass wasting
Permafrost
Plant cover
Plant distribution
Plant-soil relationships
Plants (Biology)
Slopes
Ruby Range
Yukon
spellingShingle Active layer
Creep
Frozen ground
Mass wasting
Permafrost
Plant cover
Plant distribution
Plant-soil relationships
Plants (Biology)
Slopes
Ruby Range
Yukon
Heezen, Bruce C.
Johnson, G. Leonard
Alaskan Submarine Cables: A Struggle with a Harsh Environment
topic_facet Active layer
Creep
Frozen ground
Mass wasting
Permafrost
Plant cover
Plant distribution
Plant-soil relationships
Plants (Biology)
Slopes
Ruby Range
Yukon
description Reviews the laying, repair and maintenance of telegraph and cable systems, at one time 86 submarine cables, between Puget Sound and Alaska 1901-60. Failures due to entanglement by whales, bruising and mauling by anchors and fishing trawls and various destructive effects of geologic agents on the sea floor are noted. In straits on the continental shelf and upper continental slope, cable failures are attributed primarily to chafe by bottom currents and, off the mouths of major streams, to turbidity currents and gravitational slides. Cable repair data for 1903-58 are tabulated, showing reported causes. Some cables at depths of 1000-1500 fathoms on the continental margin cross at least 40 major canyons, but have never failed because of turbidity currents; this indicates a lapse of 2000, possibly 5000 yr since such currents occurred in this region. Les câbles sous-marins en Alaska, une lutte contre un milieu difficile. A un moment donné, le système de communications de l'Alaska comprenait 86 câbles télégraphiques sous-marins, s'étendant du Puget Sound vers le nord à travers l'Alaska côtier, puis vers l'ouest jusqu'à l'arc des Aléoutiennes. Les pannes de ces câbles sont révélatrices des forces dynamiques naturelles qui affectent le fond des mers. Dans les détroits du plateau continental et de la partie supérieure du talus continental, les bris s'expliquent par le frottement dû aux courants profonds: à l'embouchure des grands cours d'eau, ils sont provoqués par les courants de turbidité et les glissements sous-marins.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Heezen, Bruce C.
Johnson, G. Leonard
author_facet Heezen, Bruce C.
Johnson, G. Leonard
author_sort Heezen, Bruce C.
title Alaskan Submarine Cables: A Struggle with a Harsh Environment
title_short Alaskan Submarine Cables: A Struggle with a Harsh Environment
title_full Alaskan Submarine Cables: A Struggle with a Harsh Environment
title_fullStr Alaskan Submarine Cables: A Struggle with a Harsh Environment
title_full_unstemmed Alaskan Submarine Cables: A Struggle with a Harsh Environment
title_sort alaskan submarine cables: a struggle with a harsh environment
publisher The Arctic Institute of North America
publishDate 1969
url https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/66283
long_lat ENVELOPE(-59.824,-59.824,-63.983,-63.983)
ENVELOPE(-55.815,-55.815,51.067,51.067)
geographic Bris
Le Fond
Yukon
geographic_facet Bris
Le Fond
Yukon
genre Arctic
permafrost
Alaska
Yukon
genre_facet Arctic
permafrost
Alaska
Yukon
op_source ARCTIC; Vol. 22 No. 4 (1969): December: 365–456; 413-424
1923-1245
0004-0843
op_relation https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/66283/50196
https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/66283
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