Science and the Canadian Arctic, 1818-76, from Sir John Ross to Sir George Strong Nares
Nineteenth-century exploration of the Canadian Arctic, primarily directed by the British Admiralty, had scientific as well as geographical goals. Many expeditions, including Franklin's, had a major scientific mandate. A northwest passage was the initial inspiration, but geomagnetism (under Edwa...
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1988
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ftunivcalgaryojs:oai:journalhosting.ucalgary.ca:article/64758 2023-05-15T14:19:13+02:00 Science and the Canadian Arctic, 1818-76, from Sir John Ross to Sir George Strong Nares Levere, Trevor H. 1988-01-01 application/pdf https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64758 eng eng The Arctic Institute of North America https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64758/48672 https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64758 ARCTIC; Vol. 41 No. 2 (1988): June: 91–166; 127-137 1923-1245 0004-0843 Expeditions Exploration Geology Geomagnetism History Nares Sir George Strong 1831-1915 Natural history Ross John 1777-1856 Science Canadian Arctic info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion research-article 1988 ftunivcalgaryojs 2022-03-22T21:21:53Z Nineteenth-century exploration of the Canadian Arctic, primarily directed by the British Admiralty, had scientific as well as geographical goals. Many expeditions, including Franklin's, had a major scientific mandate. A northwest passage was the initial inspiration, but geomagnetism (under Edward Sabine's guidance), meteorology, zoology, geology, botany, and ethnology were the principal sciences that benefited. The Royal Society of London, with its Arctic Committee, was closely involved with the Admiralty in recommending scientific programs and in nominating observers to the expeditions. Naval officers too were much concerned with science; some, including Parry and James Ross, were elected fellows of the Royal Society of London (F.R.S.). From John Ross through Parry to Franklin, scientific arctic voyages were strongly promoted. Geomagnetism, natural history, and meteorology were particularly prominent. During the searches for Franklin, the life sciences, geology, and meteorology continued to benefit, while geophysical researches were relatively neglected. After the Franklin disaster, geographical and other scientific exploration languished until the example of other nations and domestic lobbying persuaded the British government to send Nares north in 1875-76. This was the last of the old-style scientific expeditions to the Canadian Arctic. Afterwards, co-operation in science (as in the International Polar Year) and concern for the Arctic as national territory became dominant factors in arctic exploration.Key words: science, history, Canada, geomagnetism, natural history, geology, J. Ross, W.E. Parry, J. Franklin, G.S. Nares Mots clés: science, histoire, Canada, géomagnétisme, histoire naturelle, géologie, J. Ross, W.E. Parry, J. Franklin, G.S. Nares Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic International Polar Year Northwest passage University of Calgary Journal Hosting Arctic Canada Northwest Passage Nares ENVELOPE(158.167,158.167,-81.450,-81.450) Parry ENVELOPE(-62.417,-62.417,-64.283,-64.283) ARCTIC 41 2 |
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Open Polar |
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University of Calgary Journal Hosting |
op_collection_id |
ftunivcalgaryojs |
language |
English |
topic |
Expeditions Exploration Geology Geomagnetism History Nares Sir George Strong 1831-1915 Natural history Ross John 1777-1856 Science Canadian Arctic |
spellingShingle |
Expeditions Exploration Geology Geomagnetism History Nares Sir George Strong 1831-1915 Natural history Ross John 1777-1856 Science Canadian Arctic Levere, Trevor H. Science and the Canadian Arctic, 1818-76, from Sir John Ross to Sir George Strong Nares |
topic_facet |
Expeditions Exploration Geology Geomagnetism History Nares Sir George Strong 1831-1915 Natural history Ross John 1777-1856 Science Canadian Arctic |
description |
Nineteenth-century exploration of the Canadian Arctic, primarily directed by the British Admiralty, had scientific as well as geographical goals. Many expeditions, including Franklin's, had a major scientific mandate. A northwest passage was the initial inspiration, but geomagnetism (under Edward Sabine's guidance), meteorology, zoology, geology, botany, and ethnology were the principal sciences that benefited. The Royal Society of London, with its Arctic Committee, was closely involved with the Admiralty in recommending scientific programs and in nominating observers to the expeditions. Naval officers too were much concerned with science; some, including Parry and James Ross, were elected fellows of the Royal Society of London (F.R.S.). From John Ross through Parry to Franklin, scientific arctic voyages were strongly promoted. Geomagnetism, natural history, and meteorology were particularly prominent. During the searches for Franklin, the life sciences, geology, and meteorology continued to benefit, while geophysical researches were relatively neglected. After the Franklin disaster, geographical and other scientific exploration languished until the example of other nations and domestic lobbying persuaded the British government to send Nares north in 1875-76. This was the last of the old-style scientific expeditions to the Canadian Arctic. Afterwards, co-operation in science (as in the International Polar Year) and concern for the Arctic as national territory became dominant factors in arctic exploration.Key words: science, history, Canada, geomagnetism, natural history, geology, J. Ross, W.E. Parry, J. Franklin, G.S. Nares Mots clés: science, histoire, Canada, géomagnétisme, histoire naturelle, géologie, J. Ross, W.E. Parry, J. Franklin, G.S. Nares |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Levere, Trevor H. |
author_facet |
Levere, Trevor H. |
author_sort |
Levere, Trevor H. |
title |
Science and the Canadian Arctic, 1818-76, from Sir John Ross to Sir George Strong Nares |
title_short |
Science and the Canadian Arctic, 1818-76, from Sir John Ross to Sir George Strong Nares |
title_full |
Science and the Canadian Arctic, 1818-76, from Sir John Ross to Sir George Strong Nares |
title_fullStr |
Science and the Canadian Arctic, 1818-76, from Sir John Ross to Sir George Strong Nares |
title_full_unstemmed |
Science and the Canadian Arctic, 1818-76, from Sir John Ross to Sir George Strong Nares |
title_sort |
science and the canadian arctic, 1818-76, from sir john ross to sir george strong nares |
publisher |
The Arctic Institute of North America |
publishDate |
1988 |
url |
https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64758 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(158.167,158.167,-81.450,-81.450) ENVELOPE(-62.417,-62.417,-64.283,-64.283) |
geographic |
Arctic Canada Northwest Passage Nares Parry |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada Northwest Passage Nares Parry |
genre |
Arctic Arctic International Polar Year Northwest passage |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic International Polar Year Northwest passage |
op_source |
ARCTIC; Vol. 41 No. 2 (1988): June: 91–166; 127-137 1923-1245 0004-0843 |
op_relation |
https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64758/48672 https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64758 |
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