Human Physiological Adaptations to the Arctic Climate
This review deals with thermal, metabolic and hormonal responses of various human populations to natural or experimental acclimation. Modern people react to cold with shivering, increased metabolism and cutaneous vasoconstriction (metabolic response). Native people, such as Australian aborigines, Es...
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1991
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ftunivcalgaryojs:oai:journalhosting.ucalgary.ca:article/64584 2023-05-15T14:19:12+02:00 Human Physiological Adaptations to the Arctic Climate Leppäluoto, Juhani Hassi, Juhani 1991-01-01 application/pdf https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64584 eng eng The Arctic Institute of North America https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64584/48498 https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64584 ARCTIC; Vol. 44 No. 2 (1991): June: 95–175; 139-145 1923-1245 0004-0843 Blood Cold adaptation Heart disease Heat transmission Human physiology Metabolism Native peoples Strokes Arctic regions info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion research-article 1991 ftunivcalgaryojs 2022-03-22T21:21:48Z This review deals with thermal, metabolic and hormonal responses of various human populations to natural or experimental acclimation. Modern people react to cold with shivering, increased metabolism and cutaneous vasoconstriction (metabolic response). Native people, such as Australian aborigines, Eskimos, arctic Indians and Lapps, who were regularly exposed to cold in their natural habitat, have been reported to exhibit less pronounced shivering during experimental cold exposure and experience a greater fall in body temperature (hypometabolic and hypothermic type of adaptation). Australian aborigines and traditional Korean divers have been shown to have low body heat conductivity (insulative type of adaptation). Modern Caucasians intensively exposed to prolonged cold may also develop hypothermic and insulative types of adaptation. Exposure to cold climate increases blood pressure, which may be a factor contributing to the greater mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and stroke observed in the winter. The secretion of the pineal hormone melatonin, which is believed to inhibit the secretion of a pituitary luteinizing hormone, is elevated during winter and decreased in summer. This leads to the higher conception rate observed during spring and summer.Key words: acclimatization, birth rate, blood pressure, body temperature, cold exposure, conceptions, hormones, light, metabolic rate, mortality, native people, season Mots clés: acclimatation, taux de natalité, pression sanguine, température du corps, exposition au froid, conception, hormones, lumière, taux de métabolisme, mortalité, autochtones, saison Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic eskimo* University of Calgary Journal Hosting Arctic ARCTIC 44 2 |
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Open Polar |
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University of Calgary Journal Hosting |
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ftunivcalgaryojs |
language |
English |
topic |
Blood Cold adaptation Heart disease Heat transmission Human physiology Metabolism Native peoples Strokes Arctic regions |
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Blood Cold adaptation Heart disease Heat transmission Human physiology Metabolism Native peoples Strokes Arctic regions Leppäluoto, Juhani Hassi, Juhani Human Physiological Adaptations to the Arctic Climate |
topic_facet |
Blood Cold adaptation Heart disease Heat transmission Human physiology Metabolism Native peoples Strokes Arctic regions |
description |
This review deals with thermal, metabolic and hormonal responses of various human populations to natural or experimental acclimation. Modern people react to cold with shivering, increased metabolism and cutaneous vasoconstriction (metabolic response). Native people, such as Australian aborigines, Eskimos, arctic Indians and Lapps, who were regularly exposed to cold in their natural habitat, have been reported to exhibit less pronounced shivering during experimental cold exposure and experience a greater fall in body temperature (hypometabolic and hypothermic type of adaptation). Australian aborigines and traditional Korean divers have been shown to have low body heat conductivity (insulative type of adaptation). Modern Caucasians intensively exposed to prolonged cold may also develop hypothermic and insulative types of adaptation. Exposure to cold climate increases blood pressure, which may be a factor contributing to the greater mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and stroke observed in the winter. The secretion of the pineal hormone melatonin, which is believed to inhibit the secretion of a pituitary luteinizing hormone, is elevated during winter and decreased in summer. This leads to the higher conception rate observed during spring and summer.Key words: acclimatization, birth rate, blood pressure, body temperature, cold exposure, conceptions, hormones, light, metabolic rate, mortality, native people, season Mots clés: acclimatation, taux de natalité, pression sanguine, température du corps, exposition au froid, conception, hormones, lumière, taux de métabolisme, mortalité, autochtones, saison |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Leppäluoto, Juhani Hassi, Juhani |
author_facet |
Leppäluoto, Juhani Hassi, Juhani |
author_sort |
Leppäluoto, Juhani |
title |
Human Physiological Adaptations to the Arctic Climate |
title_short |
Human Physiological Adaptations to the Arctic Climate |
title_full |
Human Physiological Adaptations to the Arctic Climate |
title_fullStr |
Human Physiological Adaptations to the Arctic Climate |
title_full_unstemmed |
Human Physiological Adaptations to the Arctic Climate |
title_sort |
human physiological adaptations to the arctic climate |
publisher |
The Arctic Institute of North America |
publishDate |
1991 |
url |
https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64584 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Arctic eskimo* |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic eskimo* |
op_source |
ARCTIC; Vol. 44 No. 2 (1991): June: 95–175; 139-145 1923-1245 0004-0843 |
op_relation |
https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64584/48498 https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64584 |
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