Small Whale Co-management in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: A Case History and Analysis

This paper explores the problems and challenges of co-management of beluga and narwhal populations in the Eastern Arctic region of the Northwest Territories. The political and regulatory context of co-management has changed in the last 14 years. Regulations were amended in 1980 and 1990 to limit har...

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Published in:ARCTIC
Main Authors: Richard, P.R., Pike, D.G.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: The Arctic Institute of North America 1993
Subjects:
Law
Online Access:https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64390
id ftunivcalgaryojs:oai:journalhosting.ucalgary.ca:article/64390
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection University of Calgary Journal Hosting
op_collection_id ftunivcalgaryojs
language English
topic Animal migration
Beluga whales
Co-management
Economic conditions
Traditional knowledge
Inuit
Law
Narwhals
Public opinion
Public participation
Subsistence
Whaling
Wildlife management
Baffin Bay-Davis Strait
Greenland
Nunavut
spellingShingle Animal migration
Beluga whales
Co-management
Economic conditions
Traditional knowledge
Inuit
Law
Narwhals
Public opinion
Public participation
Subsistence
Whaling
Wildlife management
Baffin Bay-Davis Strait
Greenland
Nunavut
Richard, P.R.
Pike, D.G.
Small Whale Co-management in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: A Case History and Analysis
topic_facet Animal migration
Beluga whales
Co-management
Economic conditions
Traditional knowledge
Inuit
Law
Narwhals
Public opinion
Public participation
Subsistence
Whaling
Wildlife management
Baffin Bay-Davis Strait
Greenland
Nunavut
description This paper explores the problems and challenges of co-management of beluga and narwhal populations in the Eastern Arctic region of the Northwest Territories. The political and regulatory context of co-management has changed in the last 14 years. Regulations were amended in 1980 and 1990 to limit harvest and the conditions of harvest. The Nunavut Land Claim Settlement Agreement-in-Principle of 1990 created a new framework for wildlife management. The 1990 Supreme Court decision in the Sparrow case was a strong admonition for native involvement in management of their fisheries resources. Canada and Greenland formed a joint commission for conservation and management of shared stocks of narwhals and belugas. The history of Southeast Baffin beluga co-management, our case study, is one of informal and incomplete co-management, because the hunters did not have full participation in the research pertaining to the evaluation of stock status, nor did they have the power to decide on the management of the stock. The decision of Fisheries and Oceans to severely limit beluga hunting created a crisis, which eventually led to the creation of a formal complete beluga co-management committee. We conclude that complete co-management, with full participation of Inuit hunters, is necessary for effective conservation and management of eastern Canadian small whales. Nevertheless, the vast area through which narwhal and beluga populations range, the large number of people and communities that would be involved in such a co-management process and the difficulty in determining stock status are important challenges to co-managers.Key words: Southeast Baffin, Baffin Bay, High Arctic, Greenland, hunters, harvesting, conservation, protection, Nunavut, Sparrow Dans cet article, nous discutons des problèmes et défits de la co-gestion des populations de bélugas et de narvals de la région est arctique des Territoires du Nord-Ouest. Le contexte politique et juridique de la co-gestion a changé durant les quatorze dernières années. Les réglements ont été amendé en 1980 et 1990 pour limiter le niveau ou les conditions de chasse. L'accord de principe de 1990 sur la revendication territoriale du Nunavut a créé un nouveau cadre pour la gestion de la faune. La décision de la Cour Suprème sur le cas Sparrow a été une forte exhortation en faveur de la participation des aborigènes dans la gestion de leurs ressources halieutiques. L'historique de la co-gestion du béluga du sud-est de la Terre de Baffin, notre sujet d'étude, en est un de co-gestion informelle et incomplète, parce que les chasseurs n'avaient pas pleine participation dans les recherches visant à l'évaluation du statut de ce stock ou le pouvoir de prendre des décisions de gestion. La décision de Pêches et Océans de sévèrement limiter la chasse aux bélugas a créé une crise qui a éventuellement menée à la création d'un comité officiel de complète co-gestion du béluga. Nous concluons qu'un système de complète co-gestion est nécessaire pour la conservation et la gestion des petites baleines de l'est de l'Arctique canadien. Cependant, l'immensité de la répartition des bélugas et des narvals, le grand nombre de gens et de communautés impliqués dans un tel processus de co-gestion et la difficulté d'évaluer l'état des populations sont d'importants défits pour les co-gestionnaires.Mot clés: sud-est de Baffin, baie de Baffin, haut Arctique, Groënland, chasseurs, récolte , conservation, protection, Nunavut, Sparrow
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Richard, P.R.
Pike, D.G.
author_facet Richard, P.R.
Pike, D.G.
author_sort Richard, P.R.
title Small Whale Co-management in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: A Case History and Analysis
title_short Small Whale Co-management in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: A Case History and Analysis
title_full Small Whale Co-management in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: A Case History and Analysis
title_fullStr Small Whale Co-management in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: A Case History and Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Small Whale Co-management in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: A Case History and Analysis
title_sort small whale co-management in the eastern canadian arctic: a case history and analysis
publisher The Arctic Institute of North America
publishDate 1993
url https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64390
long_lat ENVELOPE(-67.996,-67.996,74.001,74.001)
geographic Arctic
Baffin Bay
Baie de Baffin
Canada
Greenland
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
geographic_facet Arctic
Baffin Bay
Baie de Baffin
Canada
Greenland
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
genre Arctic
Arctic
Arctique*
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin
Baie de Baffin
Beluga
Beluga*
Béluga*
Davis Strait
Greenland
inuit
narwhal*
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Terre de Baffin
Territoires du Nord-Ouest
genre_facet Arctic
Arctic
Arctique*
Baffin Bay
Baffin Bay
Baffin
Baie de Baffin
Beluga
Beluga*
Béluga*
Davis Strait
Greenland
inuit
narwhal*
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Terre de Baffin
Territoires du Nord-Ouest
op_source ARCTIC; Vol. 46 No. 2 (1993): June: 97–188; 138-143
1923-1245
0004-0843
op_relation https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64390/48325
https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64390
container_title ARCTIC
container_volume 46
container_issue 2
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spelling ftunivcalgaryojs:oai:journalhosting.ucalgary.ca:article/64390 2023-05-15T14:19:11+02:00 Small Whale Co-management in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: A Case History and Analysis Richard, P.R. Pike, D.G. 1993-01-01 application/pdf https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64390 eng eng The Arctic Institute of North America https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64390/48325 https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64390 ARCTIC; Vol. 46 No. 2 (1993): June: 97–188; 138-143 1923-1245 0004-0843 Animal migration Beluga whales Co-management Economic conditions Traditional knowledge Inuit Law Narwhals Public opinion Public participation Subsistence Whaling Wildlife management Baffin Bay-Davis Strait Greenland Nunavut info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion research-article 1993 ftunivcalgaryojs 2022-03-22T21:21:38Z This paper explores the problems and challenges of co-management of beluga and narwhal populations in the Eastern Arctic region of the Northwest Territories. The political and regulatory context of co-management has changed in the last 14 years. Regulations were amended in 1980 and 1990 to limit harvest and the conditions of harvest. The Nunavut Land Claim Settlement Agreement-in-Principle of 1990 created a new framework for wildlife management. The 1990 Supreme Court decision in the Sparrow case was a strong admonition for native involvement in management of their fisheries resources. Canada and Greenland formed a joint commission for conservation and management of shared stocks of narwhals and belugas. The history of Southeast Baffin beluga co-management, our case study, is one of informal and incomplete co-management, because the hunters did not have full participation in the research pertaining to the evaluation of stock status, nor did they have the power to decide on the management of the stock. The decision of Fisheries and Oceans to severely limit beluga hunting created a crisis, which eventually led to the creation of a formal complete beluga co-management committee. We conclude that complete co-management, with full participation of Inuit hunters, is necessary for effective conservation and management of eastern Canadian small whales. Nevertheless, the vast area through which narwhal and beluga populations range, the large number of people and communities that would be involved in such a co-management process and the difficulty in determining stock status are important challenges to co-managers.Key words: Southeast Baffin, Baffin Bay, High Arctic, Greenland, hunters, harvesting, conservation, protection, Nunavut, Sparrow Dans cet article, nous discutons des problèmes et défits de la co-gestion des populations de bélugas et de narvals de la région est arctique des Territoires du Nord-Ouest. Le contexte politique et juridique de la co-gestion a changé durant les quatorze dernières années. Les réglements ont été amendé en 1980 et 1990 pour limiter le niveau ou les conditions de chasse. L'accord de principe de 1990 sur la revendication territoriale du Nunavut a créé un nouveau cadre pour la gestion de la faune. La décision de la Cour Suprème sur le cas Sparrow a été une forte exhortation en faveur de la participation des aborigènes dans la gestion de leurs ressources halieutiques. L'historique de la co-gestion du béluga du sud-est de la Terre de Baffin, notre sujet d'étude, en est un de co-gestion informelle et incomplète, parce que les chasseurs n'avaient pas pleine participation dans les recherches visant à l'évaluation du statut de ce stock ou le pouvoir de prendre des décisions de gestion. La décision de Pêches et Océans de sévèrement limiter la chasse aux bélugas a créé une crise qui a éventuellement menée à la création d'un comité officiel de complète co-gestion du béluga. Nous concluons qu'un système de complète co-gestion est nécessaire pour la conservation et la gestion des petites baleines de l'est de l'Arctique canadien. Cependant, l'immensité de la répartition des bélugas et des narvals, le grand nombre de gens et de communautés impliqués dans un tel processus de co-gestion et la difficulté d'évaluer l'état des populations sont d'importants défits pour les co-gestionnaires.Mot clés: sud-est de Baffin, baie de Baffin, haut Arctique, Groënland, chasseurs, récolte , conservation, protection, Nunavut, Sparrow Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Arctique* Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Baie de Baffin Beluga Beluga* Béluga* Davis Strait Greenland inuit narwhal* Northwest Territories Nunavut Terre de Baffin Territoires du Nord-Ouest University of Calgary Journal Hosting Arctic Baffin Bay Baie de Baffin ENVELOPE(-67.996,-67.996,74.001,74.001) Canada Greenland Northwest Territories Nunavut ARCTIC 46 2