Frequency of Killer Whale (Orcinus Orca) Attacks and Ship Collisions Based on Scarring on Bowhead Whales (Balaena Mysticetus) of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas Stock

Bowhead whales of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas stock harvested by Alaskan Eskimos were examined for scars from killer whale and ship-collision injuries. We estimated that the frequency of scars from killer whale attacks ranged from 4.1% to 7.9% (depending on our confidence that the whale was pro...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:ARCTIC
Main Authors: George, John Craighead, Philo, L. Michael, Hazard, Katherine, Withrow, David, Carroll, Geoffry M., Suydam, Robert
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: The Arctic Institute of North America 1994
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64350
id ftunivcalgaryojs:oai:journalhosting.ucalgary.ca:article/64350
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection University of Calgary Journal Hosting
op_collection_id ftunivcalgaryojs
language English
topic Animal behaviour
Animal mortality
Animal population
Bowhead whales
Environmental impacts
Inuit
Killer whales
Marine transportation
Predation
Ship propellers
Whaling
Beaufort Sea
Bering Sea
Chukchi Sea
spellingShingle Animal behaviour
Animal mortality
Animal population
Bowhead whales
Environmental impacts
Inuit
Killer whales
Marine transportation
Predation
Ship propellers
Whaling
Beaufort Sea
Bering Sea
Chukchi Sea
George, John Craighead
Philo, L. Michael
Hazard, Katherine
Withrow, David
Carroll, Geoffry M.
Suydam, Robert
Frequency of Killer Whale (Orcinus Orca) Attacks and Ship Collisions Based on Scarring on Bowhead Whales (Balaena Mysticetus) of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas Stock
topic_facet Animal behaviour
Animal mortality
Animal population
Bowhead whales
Environmental impacts
Inuit
Killer whales
Marine transportation
Predation
Ship propellers
Whaling
Beaufort Sea
Bering Sea
Chukchi Sea
description Bowhead whales of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas stock harvested by Alaskan Eskimos were examined for scars from killer whale and ship-collision injuries. We estimated that the frequency of scars from killer whale attacks ranged from 4.1% to 7.9% (depending on our confidence that the whale was properly examined) while about 1% exhibited scars from ship collisions. The frequency of killer whale scars was considerably lower than for bowhead whales of the Davis Strait stock and for other baleen whales where data are available, and was significantly lower (P<0.05) for whales <13 m. Patterns of both types of scars were quite similar to those reported for other cretacean species. Spaces between rake marks were within the range of interdental measurements from four killer whale skulls. The occurrence of attempted killer whale predation and ship strikes inferred from scars has not prevented the BCBS stock from increasing.Key words: bowhead whale, killer whale, Alaskan Eskimos, whaling, scarring, ship/whale collision, propeller injury On a examiné des baleines boréales provenant du stock des mers de Béring, des Tchouktches et de Beaufort, prises par les Esquimaux de l'Alaska afin de voir si elles portaient des cicatrices résultant de morsures d'épaulards ou de blessures provoquées par des collisions avec des navires. On a estimé la gamme de fréquence des cicatrices venant d'attaques d'épaulards comme allant de 4,1 à 7,9 p. cent (compte tenu de notre niveau de certitude quant à la qualité de l'examen de la baleine), tandis qu'environ 1 p. cent des animaux montraient des cicatrices résultant de collisions avec des navires. La fréquence des cicatrices dues aux épaulards était bien inférieure à celle observée sur les baleines provenant du stock du détroit de Davis et d'autres cétacés à fanons pour lesquels on possédait des données. Les schémas des deux types de cicatrices étaient assez semblables à ceux rapportés pour d'autres espèces de cétacés. La fréquence des cicatrices dues aux épaulards était de beaucoup inférieure (P<0,05) pour les baleines mesurant moins de 13 m. Les espaces entre les éraflures se situaient dans la gamme d'écartement interdentaire mesuré sur le crâne de quatre épaulards. Les tentatives de prédation par les épaulards et les coups portés par les navires - déduits des cicatrices - n'ont pas empêché le stock des mers de Béring, des Tchouktches et de Beaufort d'augmenter.Mot clés: baleine boréale, épaulard, Esquimaux de l’Alaska, pêche à la baleine, cicatrices, collision navire/baleine, blessure infligée par une hélice
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author George, John Craighead
Philo, L. Michael
Hazard, Katherine
Withrow, David
Carroll, Geoffry M.
Suydam, Robert
author_facet George, John Craighead
Philo, L. Michael
Hazard, Katherine
Withrow, David
Carroll, Geoffry M.
Suydam, Robert
author_sort George, John Craighead
title Frequency of Killer Whale (Orcinus Orca) Attacks and Ship Collisions Based on Scarring on Bowhead Whales (Balaena Mysticetus) of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas Stock
title_short Frequency of Killer Whale (Orcinus Orca) Attacks and Ship Collisions Based on Scarring on Bowhead Whales (Balaena Mysticetus) of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas Stock
title_full Frequency of Killer Whale (Orcinus Orca) Attacks and Ship Collisions Based on Scarring on Bowhead Whales (Balaena Mysticetus) of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas Stock
title_fullStr Frequency of Killer Whale (Orcinus Orca) Attacks and Ship Collisions Based on Scarring on Bowhead Whales (Balaena Mysticetus) of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas Stock
title_full_unstemmed Frequency of Killer Whale (Orcinus Orca) Attacks and Ship Collisions Based on Scarring on Bowhead Whales (Balaena Mysticetus) of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas Stock
title_sort frequency of killer whale (orcinus orca) attacks and ship collisions based on scarring on bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) of the bering-chukchi-beaufort seas stock
publisher The Arctic Institute of North America
publishDate 1994
url https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64350
long_lat ENVELOPE(140.012,140.012,-66.649,-66.649)
ENVELOPE(-57.996,-57.996,65.001,65.001)
ENVELOPE(140.012,140.012,-66.649,-66.649)
geographic Baleine
Bering Sea
Chukchi Sea
Détroit de Davis
la Baleine
geographic_facet Baleine
Bering Sea
Chukchi Sea
Détroit de Davis
la Baleine
genre Arctic
Balaena mysticetus
baleen whales
baleine boréale
Beaufort Sea
Bering Sea
bowhead whale
Chukchi
Chukchi Sea
Davis Strait
Détroit de Davis
eskimo*
esquimaux
inuit
Killer Whale
Orca
Orcinus orca
Tchouktche*
épaulard
Killer whale
genre_facet Arctic
Balaena mysticetus
baleen whales
baleine boréale
Beaufort Sea
Bering Sea
bowhead whale
Chukchi
Chukchi Sea
Davis Strait
Détroit de Davis
eskimo*
esquimaux
inuit
Killer Whale
Orca
Orcinus orca
Tchouktche*
épaulard
Killer whale
op_source ARCTIC; Vol. 47 No. 3 (1994): September: 207–319; 247-255
1923-1245
0004-0843
op_relation https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64350/48285
https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64350
container_title ARCTIC
container_volume 47
container_issue 3
_version_ 1766290769529798656
spelling ftunivcalgaryojs:oai:journalhosting.ucalgary.ca:article/64350 2023-05-15T14:19:11+02:00 Frequency of Killer Whale (Orcinus Orca) Attacks and Ship Collisions Based on Scarring on Bowhead Whales (Balaena Mysticetus) of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas Stock George, John Craighead Philo, L. Michael Hazard, Katherine Withrow, David Carroll, Geoffry M. Suydam, Robert 1994-01-01 application/pdf https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64350 eng eng The Arctic Institute of North America https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64350/48285 https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64350 ARCTIC; Vol. 47 No. 3 (1994): September: 207–319; 247-255 1923-1245 0004-0843 Animal behaviour Animal mortality Animal population Bowhead whales Environmental impacts Inuit Killer whales Marine transportation Predation Ship propellers Whaling Beaufort Sea Bering Sea Chukchi Sea info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion research-article 1994 ftunivcalgaryojs 2022-03-22T21:21:32Z Bowhead whales of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas stock harvested by Alaskan Eskimos were examined for scars from killer whale and ship-collision injuries. We estimated that the frequency of scars from killer whale attacks ranged from 4.1% to 7.9% (depending on our confidence that the whale was properly examined) while about 1% exhibited scars from ship collisions. The frequency of killer whale scars was considerably lower than for bowhead whales of the Davis Strait stock and for other baleen whales where data are available, and was significantly lower (P<0.05) for whales <13 m. Patterns of both types of scars were quite similar to those reported for other cretacean species. Spaces between rake marks were within the range of interdental measurements from four killer whale skulls. The occurrence of attempted killer whale predation and ship strikes inferred from scars has not prevented the BCBS stock from increasing.Key words: bowhead whale, killer whale, Alaskan Eskimos, whaling, scarring, ship/whale collision, propeller injury On a examiné des baleines boréales provenant du stock des mers de Béring, des Tchouktches et de Beaufort, prises par les Esquimaux de l'Alaska afin de voir si elles portaient des cicatrices résultant de morsures d'épaulards ou de blessures provoquées par des collisions avec des navires. On a estimé la gamme de fréquence des cicatrices venant d'attaques d'épaulards comme allant de 4,1 à 7,9 p. cent (compte tenu de notre niveau de certitude quant à la qualité de l'examen de la baleine), tandis qu'environ 1 p. cent des animaux montraient des cicatrices résultant de collisions avec des navires. La fréquence des cicatrices dues aux épaulards était bien inférieure à celle observée sur les baleines provenant du stock du détroit de Davis et d'autres cétacés à fanons pour lesquels on possédait des données. Les schémas des deux types de cicatrices étaient assez semblables à ceux rapportés pour d'autres espèces de cétacés. La fréquence des cicatrices dues aux épaulards était de beaucoup inférieure (P<0,05) pour les baleines mesurant moins de 13 m. Les espaces entre les éraflures se situaient dans la gamme d'écartement interdentaire mesuré sur le crâne de quatre épaulards. Les tentatives de prédation par les épaulards et les coups portés par les navires - déduits des cicatrices - n'ont pas empêché le stock des mers de Béring, des Tchouktches et de Beaufort d'augmenter.Mot clés: baleine boréale, épaulard, Esquimaux de l’Alaska, pêche à la baleine, cicatrices, collision navire/baleine, blessure infligée par une hélice Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Balaena mysticetus baleen whales baleine boréale Beaufort Sea Bering Sea bowhead whale Chukchi Chukchi Sea Davis Strait Détroit de Davis eskimo* esquimaux inuit Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Tchouktche* épaulard Killer whale University of Calgary Journal Hosting Baleine ENVELOPE(140.012,140.012,-66.649,-66.649) Bering Sea Chukchi Sea Détroit de Davis ENVELOPE(-57.996,-57.996,65.001,65.001) la Baleine ENVELOPE(140.012,140.012,-66.649,-66.649) ARCTIC 47 3