The Kola Peninsula: Geography, History and Resources

The Kola Peninsula in northwest Russia is one of the most important economic regions in the circumpolar North. The region contains valuable natural resources, including a wide variety of mineral and fish resources, and is proximate to the large gas fields of the Barents Sea. A large population, indu...

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Published in:ARCTIC
Main Authors: Luzin, Gennady P., Pretes, Michael, Vasiliev, Vladimir V.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: The Arctic Institute of North America 1994
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64322
id ftunivcalgaryojs:oai:journalhosting.ucalgary.ca:article/64322
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection University of Calgary Journal Hosting
op_collection_id ftunivcalgaryojs
language English
topic Agriculture
Design and construction
Economic conditions
Economic policy
Environmental impacts
Fishing
Forestry
Geography
History
Human migration
Hydroelectric power
Labour supply
Military policy
Mining
Mining policy
Natural resources
Population
Railroads
Saami
Tidal power
Trade and barter
World War II
Kol'skiy Poluostrov
Russian Federation
spellingShingle Agriculture
Design and construction
Economic conditions
Economic policy
Environmental impacts
Fishing
Forestry
Geography
History
Human migration
Hydroelectric power
Labour supply
Military policy
Mining
Mining policy
Natural resources
Population
Railroads
Saami
Tidal power
Trade and barter
World War II
Kol'skiy Poluostrov
Russian Federation
Luzin, Gennady P.
Pretes, Michael
Vasiliev, Vladimir V.
The Kola Peninsula: Geography, History and Resources
topic_facet Agriculture
Design and construction
Economic conditions
Economic policy
Environmental impacts
Fishing
Forestry
Geography
History
Human migration
Hydroelectric power
Labour supply
Military policy
Mining
Mining policy
Natural resources
Population
Railroads
Saami
Tidal power
Trade and barter
World War II
Kol'skiy Poluostrov
Russian Federation
description The Kola Peninsula in northwest Russia is one of the most important economic regions in the circumpolar North. The region contains valuable natural resources, including a wide variety of mineral and fish resources, and is proximate to the large gas fields of the Barents Sea. A large population, industrial complexes, and military infrastructure are also characteristic of the region. The Kola Peninsula developed rapidly during the Soviet period (1917-92) under the principles of socialist development policy. This policy favoured extensive resource extraction and industrialization and resulted in increased northern settlement, much of it involuntary. Soviet development policy prompted the opening of new mines and the construction of smelters and refining facilities, while Soviet military policy necessitated the establishment of large military basing operations. Resource development and processing have led to severe environmental damage in the region and beyond. This paper describes the geographical features of the Kola Peninsula and the region's development history and contains data on natural and labour resources.Key words: Kola Peninsula, Murmansk Region, Murmansk, Russian Arctic, Soviet Arctic, natural resources, economic development, militarization La presqu'île de Kola dans le nord-ouest de la Russie est l'une des plus importantes zones économiques du Grand Nord circumpolaire. La région contient de précieuses ressources naturelles, y compris une grande variété de ressources minières et de poisson, et elle est proche des champs gaziers de la mer de Barents. Cette région se caractérise aussi par une forte population, ainsi que par la présence de complexes industriels et d'une infrastructure militaire. La presqu'île de Kola s'est développée rapidement au cours de l'ère soviétique (1917-1992), selon les principes des politiques socialistes de développement. Ces dernières, qui mettaient l'accent sur une intensification de l'exploitation des ressources et de l'industrialisation, ont accru la colonisation - en grande partie forcée - dans le Nord. Les politiques soviétiques de développement ont amené l'ouverture de nouvelles mines et la construction de fours de fusion et de raffineries, tandis que les politiques militaires soviétiques ont rendu nécessaire l'édification d'importantes installations pour des bases militaires. L'exploitation et le traitement des ressources ont causé dans la région immédiate et au-delà de sérieux dommages écologiques. Cet article décrit les caractéristiques géographiques de la presqu'île de Kola et l'histoire du développement de la région, et il présente des données sur les ressources naturelles et en main-d'oeuvre.Mots clés : presqu’île de Kola, région de Mourmansk. Mourmansk, Arctique russe, Arctique sovibtique, ressources naturelles, développement économique, militarisation
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Luzin, Gennady P.
Pretes, Michael
Vasiliev, Vladimir V.
author_facet Luzin, Gennady P.
Pretes, Michael
Vasiliev, Vladimir V.
author_sort Luzin, Gennady P.
title The Kola Peninsula: Geography, History and Resources
title_short The Kola Peninsula: Geography, History and Resources
title_full The Kola Peninsula: Geography, History and Resources
title_fullStr The Kola Peninsula: Geography, History and Resources
title_full_unstemmed The Kola Peninsula: Geography, History and Resources
title_sort kola peninsula: geography, history and resources
publisher The Arctic Institute of North America
publishDate 1994
url https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64322
long_lat ENVELOPE(-67.059,-67.059,-67.449,-67.449)
geographic Arctic
Barents Sea
Kola Peninsula
Murmansk
Rendu
geographic_facet Arctic
Barents Sea
Kola Peninsula
Murmansk
Rendu
genre Arctic
Arctic
Arctique*
Barents Sea
kola peninsula
Mer de Barents
Nord-ouest de la Russie
Northwest Russia
saami
genre_facet Arctic
Arctic
Arctique*
Barents Sea
kola peninsula
Mer de Barents
Nord-ouest de la Russie
Northwest Russia
saami
op_source ARCTIC; Vol. 47 No. 1 (1994): March: 1–107; 1-15
1923-1245
0004-0843
op_relation https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64322/48257
https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64322
container_title ARCTIC
container_volume 47
container_issue 1
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spelling ftunivcalgaryojs:oai:journalhosting.ucalgary.ca:article/64322 2023-05-15T14:19:10+02:00 The Kola Peninsula: Geography, History and Resources Luzin, Gennady P. Pretes, Michael Vasiliev, Vladimir V. 1994-01-01 application/pdf https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64322 eng eng The Arctic Institute of North America https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64322/48257 https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64322 ARCTIC; Vol. 47 No. 1 (1994): March: 1–107; 1-15 1923-1245 0004-0843 Agriculture Design and construction Economic conditions Economic policy Environmental impacts Fishing Forestry Geography History Human migration Hydroelectric power Labour supply Military policy Mining Mining policy Natural resources Population Railroads Saami Tidal power Trade and barter World War II Kol'skiy Poluostrov Russian Federation info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion research-article 1994 ftunivcalgaryojs 2022-03-22T21:21:32Z The Kola Peninsula in northwest Russia is one of the most important economic regions in the circumpolar North. The region contains valuable natural resources, including a wide variety of mineral and fish resources, and is proximate to the large gas fields of the Barents Sea. A large population, industrial complexes, and military infrastructure are also characteristic of the region. The Kola Peninsula developed rapidly during the Soviet period (1917-92) under the principles of socialist development policy. This policy favoured extensive resource extraction and industrialization and resulted in increased northern settlement, much of it involuntary. Soviet development policy prompted the opening of new mines and the construction of smelters and refining facilities, while Soviet military policy necessitated the establishment of large military basing operations. Resource development and processing have led to severe environmental damage in the region and beyond. This paper describes the geographical features of the Kola Peninsula and the region's development history and contains data on natural and labour resources.Key words: Kola Peninsula, Murmansk Region, Murmansk, Russian Arctic, Soviet Arctic, natural resources, economic development, militarization La presqu'île de Kola dans le nord-ouest de la Russie est l'une des plus importantes zones économiques du Grand Nord circumpolaire. La région contient de précieuses ressources naturelles, y compris une grande variété de ressources minières et de poisson, et elle est proche des champs gaziers de la mer de Barents. Cette région se caractérise aussi par une forte population, ainsi que par la présence de complexes industriels et d'une infrastructure militaire. La presqu'île de Kola s'est développée rapidement au cours de l'ère soviétique (1917-1992), selon les principes des politiques socialistes de développement. Ces dernières, qui mettaient l'accent sur une intensification de l'exploitation des ressources et de l'industrialisation, ont accru la colonisation - en grande partie forcée - dans le Nord. Les politiques soviétiques de développement ont amené l'ouverture de nouvelles mines et la construction de fours de fusion et de raffineries, tandis que les politiques militaires soviétiques ont rendu nécessaire l'édification d'importantes installations pour des bases militaires. L'exploitation et le traitement des ressources ont causé dans la région immédiate et au-delà de sérieux dommages écologiques. Cet article décrit les caractéristiques géographiques de la presqu'île de Kola et l'histoire du développement de la région, et il présente des données sur les ressources naturelles et en main-d'oeuvre.Mots clés : presqu’île de Kola, région de Mourmansk. Mourmansk, Arctique russe, Arctique sovibtique, ressources naturelles, développement économique, militarisation Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Arctique* Barents Sea kola peninsula Mer de Barents Nord-ouest de la Russie Northwest Russia saami University of Calgary Journal Hosting Arctic Barents Sea Kola Peninsula Murmansk Rendu ENVELOPE(-67.059,-67.059,-67.449,-67.449) ARCTIC 47 1