The Persistence of Aboriginal Land Use: Fish and Wildlife Harvest Areas in the Hudson and James Bay Lowland, Ontario
The question of the extent and importance of contemporary aboriginal land use in the Canadian North remains controversial, despite more than 20 studies undertaken since the mid-1970s to document Native land claims and to assess impacts of development projects. In planning a community and regional de...
Published in: | ARCTIC |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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The Arctic Institute of North America
1995
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Online Access: | https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64282 |
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University of Calgary Journal Hosting |
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English |
topic |
Cree Indians Fishing Hunting Indian reserves Land use Regional planning Social surveys Subsistence Hudson Bay region Ontario Moose Factory Moosonee Attawapiskat Kashechewan Fort Albany Fort Severn Peawanuck James Bay region |
spellingShingle |
Cree Indians Fishing Hunting Indian reserves Land use Regional planning Social surveys Subsistence Hudson Bay region Ontario Moose Factory Moosonee Attawapiskat Kashechewan Fort Albany Fort Severn Peawanuck James Bay region Berkes, F. Hughes, A. George, P.J. Preston, R.J. Cummins, B.D. Turner, J. The Persistence of Aboriginal Land Use: Fish and Wildlife Harvest Areas in the Hudson and James Bay Lowland, Ontario |
topic_facet |
Cree Indians Fishing Hunting Indian reserves Land use Regional planning Social surveys Subsistence Hudson Bay region Ontario Moose Factory Moosonee Attawapiskat Kashechewan Fort Albany Fort Severn Peawanuck James Bay region |
description |
The question of the extent and importance of contemporary aboriginal land use in the Canadian North remains controversial, despite more than 20 studies undertaken since the mid-1970s to document Native land claims and to assess impacts of development projects. In planning a community and regional development strategy that takes into account traditional land use and economy, methodologies were developed for a computer-based, integrated land use and wildlife harvest study that could be applied over large geographic areas. Wildlife harvesting areas used in 1990 by the aboriginal people of the Mushkegowuk region, Hudson and James Bay Lowland, were documented by interviewing 925 hunters from eight communities (Moose Factory, Moosonee, New Post, Fort Albany, Kashechewan, Attawapiskat, Peawanuck and Fort Severn). Results show that geographically extensive land use for hunting and fishing persists in the Mushkegowuk region, some 250 000 sq km. However, the activity pattern of Omushkego (West Main) Cree harvesters has changed much over the decades; contemporary harvesting involves numerous short trips of a few days' duration instead of the traditional long trips. Although the First Nations control only 900 sq km (0.36% of the region) as Indian reserve land, they continue to use large parts of their traditional territory.Key words: land use, aboriginal territories, Hudson Bay and James Bay Lowland, Canadian subarctic, Cree, subsistence, wildlife, fisheries La question du niveau et de l'importance de l'utilisation actuelle des terres aborigènes dans le Nord canadien demeure controversée, malgré plus de 20 études entreprises depuis le milieu des années 70 afin de documenter les revendications territoriales des autochtones et d'évaluer l'impact des projets de développement. Dans le but de planifier une stratégie de développement communautaire et régional qui tienne compte de l'utilisation des terres et de l'économie traditionnelles, on a mis au point des méthodologies pour une étude intégrée de l'utilisation des terres et prélèvement faunique, en se servant d'ordinateurs, méthodologies qui pourraient être appliquées à de vastes régions géographiques. On a documenté les zones de prélèvement faunique utilisées en 1990 par les peuples autochtones de la région de Mushkegowuk, basse-terre de la baie d'Hudson et de la baie James, en interviewant 925 chasseurs de huit communautés (Moose Factory, Moosonee, New Post, Fort Albany, Kashechewan, Attawapiskat, Peawanuck et Fort Severn). Les résultats montrent qu'une utilisation intensive, du point de vue géographique, pour la chasse et la pêche persiste dans la région de Mushkegowuk, soit quelque 250 000 km². Cependant, le type d'activité de prélèvement des Cree Omushkego (West Main) a beaucoup changé au cours des ans; les prélèvements contemporains sont réalisés lors de nombreuses expéditions de quelques jours seulement, plutôt que lors de longues expéditions traditionnelles. Bien que les Premières Nations ne contrôlent que 900 km² (0,36 p. cent de la région) en tant que terres de réserve indienne, elles continuent d'utiliser une grande superficies du territoire traditionnel.Mots clés: utilisation des terres, territoires autochtones, basse-terre de la baie d’Hudson et de la baie James, subarctique canadien, Cree, subsistance, faune, pêcheries |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Berkes, F. Hughes, A. George, P.J. Preston, R.J. Cummins, B.D. Turner, J. |
author_facet |
Berkes, F. Hughes, A. George, P.J. Preston, R.J. Cummins, B.D. Turner, J. |
author_sort |
Berkes, F. |
title |
The Persistence of Aboriginal Land Use: Fish and Wildlife Harvest Areas in the Hudson and James Bay Lowland, Ontario |
title_short |
The Persistence of Aboriginal Land Use: Fish and Wildlife Harvest Areas in the Hudson and James Bay Lowland, Ontario |
title_full |
The Persistence of Aboriginal Land Use: Fish and Wildlife Harvest Areas in the Hudson and James Bay Lowland, Ontario |
title_fullStr |
The Persistence of Aboriginal Land Use: Fish and Wildlife Harvest Areas in the Hudson and James Bay Lowland, Ontario |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Persistence of Aboriginal Land Use: Fish and Wildlife Harvest Areas in the Hudson and James Bay Lowland, Ontario |
title_sort |
persistence of aboriginal land use: fish and wildlife harvest areas in the hudson and james bay lowland, ontario |
publisher |
The Arctic Institute of North America |
publishDate |
1995 |
url |
https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64282 |
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ENVELOPE(-82.417,-82.417,52.928,52.928) ENVELOPE(-78.666,-78.666,58.417,58.417) ENVELOPE(-80.500,-80.500,53.500,53.500) ENVELOPE(-74.999,-74.999,58.500,58.500) ENVELOPE(-81.667,-81.667,52.200,52.200) ENVELOPE(-87.633,-87.633,55.984,55.984) ENVELOPE(-81.640,-81.640,52.291,52.291) ENVELOPE(-80.616,-80.616,51.267,51.267) ENVELOPE(-85.415,-85.415,55.019,55.019) |
geographic |
Attawapiskat Baie d'Hudson Baie James Baie-d'Hudson Fort Albany Fort Severn Hudson Hudson Bay Indian Kashechewan Moose Factory Peawanuck |
geographic_facet |
Attawapiskat Baie d'Hudson Baie James Baie-d'Hudson Fort Albany Fort Severn Hudson Hudson Bay Indian Kashechewan Moose Factory Peawanuck |
genre |
Arctic Attawapiskat Baie d'Hudson Cree indians First Nations Fort Severn Hudson Bay Moosonee Peawanuck Premières Nations Subarctic subarctique* James Bay |
genre_facet |
Arctic Attawapiskat Baie d'Hudson Cree indians First Nations Fort Severn Hudson Bay Moosonee Peawanuck Premières Nations Subarctic subarctique* James Bay |
op_source |
ARCTIC; Vol. 48 No. 1 (1995): March: 1–108; 81-93 1923-1245 0004-0843 |
op_relation |
https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64282/48217 https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64282 |
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ARCTIC |
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48 |
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1 |
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ftunivcalgaryojs:oai:journalhosting.ucalgary.ca:article/64282 2023-05-15T14:19:10+02:00 The Persistence of Aboriginal Land Use: Fish and Wildlife Harvest Areas in the Hudson and James Bay Lowland, Ontario Berkes, F. Hughes, A. George, P.J. Preston, R.J. Cummins, B.D. Turner, J. 1995-01-01 application/pdf https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64282 eng eng The Arctic Institute of North America https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64282/48217 https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64282 ARCTIC; Vol. 48 No. 1 (1995): March: 1–108; 81-93 1923-1245 0004-0843 Cree Indians Fishing Hunting Indian reserves Land use Regional planning Social surveys Subsistence Hudson Bay region Ontario Moose Factory Moosonee Attawapiskat Kashechewan Fort Albany Fort Severn Peawanuck James Bay region info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion research-article 1995 ftunivcalgaryojs 2022-03-22T21:21:32Z The question of the extent and importance of contemporary aboriginal land use in the Canadian North remains controversial, despite more than 20 studies undertaken since the mid-1970s to document Native land claims and to assess impacts of development projects. In planning a community and regional development strategy that takes into account traditional land use and economy, methodologies were developed for a computer-based, integrated land use and wildlife harvest study that could be applied over large geographic areas. Wildlife harvesting areas used in 1990 by the aboriginal people of the Mushkegowuk region, Hudson and James Bay Lowland, were documented by interviewing 925 hunters from eight communities (Moose Factory, Moosonee, New Post, Fort Albany, Kashechewan, Attawapiskat, Peawanuck and Fort Severn). Results show that geographically extensive land use for hunting and fishing persists in the Mushkegowuk region, some 250 000 sq km. However, the activity pattern of Omushkego (West Main) Cree harvesters has changed much over the decades; contemporary harvesting involves numerous short trips of a few days' duration instead of the traditional long trips. Although the First Nations control only 900 sq km (0.36% of the region) as Indian reserve land, they continue to use large parts of their traditional territory.Key words: land use, aboriginal territories, Hudson Bay and James Bay Lowland, Canadian subarctic, Cree, subsistence, wildlife, fisheries La question du niveau et de l'importance de l'utilisation actuelle des terres aborigènes dans le Nord canadien demeure controversée, malgré plus de 20 études entreprises depuis le milieu des années 70 afin de documenter les revendications territoriales des autochtones et d'évaluer l'impact des projets de développement. Dans le but de planifier une stratégie de développement communautaire et régional qui tienne compte de l'utilisation des terres et de l'économie traditionnelles, on a mis au point des méthodologies pour une étude intégrée de l'utilisation des terres et prélèvement faunique, en se servant d'ordinateurs, méthodologies qui pourraient être appliquées à de vastes régions géographiques. On a documenté les zones de prélèvement faunique utilisées en 1990 par les peuples autochtones de la région de Mushkegowuk, basse-terre de la baie d'Hudson et de la baie James, en interviewant 925 chasseurs de huit communautés (Moose Factory, Moosonee, New Post, Fort Albany, Kashechewan, Attawapiskat, Peawanuck et Fort Severn). Les résultats montrent qu'une utilisation intensive, du point de vue géographique, pour la chasse et la pêche persiste dans la région de Mushkegowuk, soit quelque 250 000 km². Cependant, le type d'activité de prélèvement des Cree Omushkego (West Main) a beaucoup changé au cours des ans; les prélèvements contemporains sont réalisés lors de nombreuses expéditions de quelques jours seulement, plutôt que lors de longues expéditions traditionnelles. Bien que les Premières Nations ne contrôlent que 900 km² (0,36 p. cent de la région) en tant que terres de réserve indienne, elles continuent d'utiliser une grande superficies du territoire traditionnel.Mots clés: utilisation des terres, territoires autochtones, basse-terre de la baie d’Hudson et de la baie James, subarctique canadien, Cree, subsistance, faune, pêcheries Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Attawapiskat Baie d'Hudson Cree indians First Nations Fort Severn Hudson Bay Moosonee Peawanuck Premières Nations Subarctic subarctique* James Bay University of Calgary Journal Hosting Attawapiskat ENVELOPE(-82.417,-82.417,52.928,52.928) Baie d'Hudson ENVELOPE(-78.666,-78.666,58.417,58.417) Baie James ENVELOPE(-80.500,-80.500,53.500,53.500) Baie-d'Hudson ENVELOPE(-74.999,-74.999,58.500,58.500) Fort Albany ENVELOPE(-81.667,-81.667,52.200,52.200) Fort Severn ENVELOPE(-87.633,-87.633,55.984,55.984) Hudson Hudson Bay Indian Kashechewan ENVELOPE(-81.640,-81.640,52.291,52.291) Moose Factory ENVELOPE(-80.616,-80.616,51.267,51.267) Peawanuck ENVELOPE(-85.415,-85.415,55.019,55.019) ARCTIC 48 1 |