Zooarchaeology of a Focal Resource : Dietary Importance of Beluga Whales to the Precontact Mackenzie Inuit

Ethnohistoric records indicate that the economy of early historic Mackenzie Inuit was centred on the summer hunt for beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). However, no systematic attempt has been made to quantify the dietary importance of beluga whales to earlier, precontact-period Mackenzie Inuit s...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:ARCTIC
Main Authors: Friesen, T. Max, Arnold, Charles D.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: The Arctic Institute of North America 1995
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64276
_version_ 1835009034925637632
author Friesen, T. Max
Arnold, Charles D.
author_facet Friesen, T. Max
Arnold, Charles D.
author_sort Friesen, T. Max
collection Unknown
container_issue 1
container_title ARCTIC
container_volume 48
description Ethnohistoric records indicate that the economy of early historic Mackenzie Inuit was centred on the summer hunt for beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). However, no systematic attempt has been made to quantify the dietary importance of beluga whales to earlier, precontact-period Mackenzie Inuit societies. This issue is addressed herein through analysis of over 2000 beluga bones recovered from a semisubterranean house at Gupuk, a Mackenzie Inuit archaeological site on the East Channel of the Mackenzie River. The amount of meat and fat available from beluga whales is compared to that from all other prey species at the site to assess the relative dietary contribution of each taxon. The results indicate that beluga whales were a truly focal resource in the local economy, probably providing over half of the food available to residents of Gupuk and other communities in the Mackenzie Delta for at least half of each year.Key words: beluga whale, white whale, Delphinapterus leucas, Gupuk, Kittigazuit, Mackenzie Inuit, Inuvialuit, Mackenzie Delta, zooarchaeology, archaeology Les relevés ethnohistoriques indiquent que l'économie des Inuit du Mackenzie du début de l'époque historique était centrée sur la chasse estivale au bélouga (Delphinapterus leucas). Aucun essai systématique n'a cependant été réalisé dans le but de quantifier l'importance alimentaire du bélouga pour les anciennes sociétés inuits du Mackenzie d'avant le contact avec les Européens. Grâce à l'analyse de plus de 2000 os de bélougas récupérés dans une habitation semi-souterraine de Gupuk, site archéologique inuit du Mackenzie sur le chenal est de la rivière Mackenzie, on a pu comparer la quantité de viande et de gras venant du bélouga à celle de toutes les autres espèces de proies sur le site afin d'évaluer la contribution alimentaire relative de chaque taxon. Les résultats indiquent que le bélouga était véritablement une ressource primordiale dans l'économie locale, fournissant probablement plus de la moitié de la nourriture disponible aux résidents ...
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
genre Arctic
Beluga
Beluga whale
Beluga*
Delphinapterus leucas
eskimo*
inuit
inuits
Inuvialuit
Kittigazuit
Mackenzie Delta
Mackenzie river
White whale
genre_facet Arctic
Beluga
Beluga whale
Beluga*
Delphinapterus leucas
eskimo*
inuit
inuits
Inuvialuit
Kittigazuit
Mackenzie Delta
Mackenzie river
White whale
geographic Kittigazuit
Kugmallit Bay
Mackenzie Delta
Mackenzie River
geographic_facet Kittigazuit
Kugmallit Bay
Mackenzie Delta
Mackenzie River
id ftunivcalgaryojs:oai:journalhosting.ucalgary.ca:article/64276
institution Open Polar
language English
long_lat ENVELOPE(-133.700,-133.700,69.340,69.340)
ENVELOPE(-133.500,-133.500,69.558,69.558)
ENVELOPE(-136.672,-136.672,68.833,68.833)
op_collection_id ftunivcalgaryojs
op_relation https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64276/48211
https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64276
op_source ARCTIC; Vol. 48 No. 1 (1995): March: 1–108; 22-30
1923-1245
0004-0843
publishDate 1995
publisher The Arctic Institute of North America
record_format openpolar
spelling ftunivcalgaryojs:oai:journalhosting.ucalgary.ca:article/64276 2025-06-15T14:14:39+00:00 Zooarchaeology of a Focal Resource : Dietary Importance of Beluga Whales to the Precontact Mackenzie Inuit Friesen, T. Max Arnold, Charles D. 1995-01-01 application/pdf https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64276 eng eng The Arctic Institute of North America https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64276/48211 https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64276 ARCTIC; Vol. 48 No. 1 (1995): March: 1–108; 22-30 1923-1245 0004-0843 Animals Beluga whales Food Inuit archaeology Mackenzie Eskimos Predation Subsistence Kugmallit Bay region N.W.T Mackenzie Delta info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion research-article 1995 ftunivcalgaryojs 2025-05-27T03:29:43Z Ethnohistoric records indicate that the economy of early historic Mackenzie Inuit was centred on the summer hunt for beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). However, no systematic attempt has been made to quantify the dietary importance of beluga whales to earlier, precontact-period Mackenzie Inuit societies. This issue is addressed herein through analysis of over 2000 beluga bones recovered from a semisubterranean house at Gupuk, a Mackenzie Inuit archaeological site on the East Channel of the Mackenzie River. The amount of meat and fat available from beluga whales is compared to that from all other prey species at the site to assess the relative dietary contribution of each taxon. The results indicate that beluga whales were a truly focal resource in the local economy, probably providing over half of the food available to residents of Gupuk and other communities in the Mackenzie Delta for at least half of each year.Key words: beluga whale, white whale, Delphinapterus leucas, Gupuk, Kittigazuit, Mackenzie Inuit, Inuvialuit, Mackenzie Delta, zooarchaeology, archaeology Les relevés ethnohistoriques indiquent que l'économie des Inuit du Mackenzie du début de l'époque historique était centrée sur la chasse estivale au bélouga (Delphinapterus leucas). Aucun essai systématique n'a cependant été réalisé dans le but de quantifier l'importance alimentaire du bélouga pour les anciennes sociétés inuits du Mackenzie d'avant le contact avec les Européens. Grâce à l'analyse de plus de 2000 os de bélougas récupérés dans une habitation semi-souterraine de Gupuk, site archéologique inuit du Mackenzie sur le chenal est de la rivière Mackenzie, on a pu comparer la quantité de viande et de gras venant du bélouga à celle de toutes les autres espèces de proies sur le site afin d'évaluer la contribution alimentaire relative de chaque taxon. Les résultats indiquent que le bélouga était véritablement une ressource primordiale dans l'économie locale, fournissant probablement plus de la moitié de la nourriture disponible aux résidents ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Beluga Beluga whale Beluga* Delphinapterus leucas eskimo* inuit inuits Inuvialuit Kittigazuit Mackenzie Delta Mackenzie river White whale Unknown Kittigazuit ENVELOPE(-133.700,-133.700,69.340,69.340) Kugmallit Bay ENVELOPE(-133.500,-133.500,69.558,69.558) Mackenzie Delta ENVELOPE(-136.672,-136.672,68.833,68.833) Mackenzie River ARCTIC 48 1
spellingShingle Animals
Beluga whales
Food
Inuit archaeology
Mackenzie Eskimos
Predation
Subsistence
Kugmallit Bay region
N.W.T
Mackenzie Delta
Friesen, T. Max
Arnold, Charles D.
Zooarchaeology of a Focal Resource : Dietary Importance of Beluga Whales to the Precontact Mackenzie Inuit
title Zooarchaeology of a Focal Resource : Dietary Importance of Beluga Whales to the Precontact Mackenzie Inuit
title_full Zooarchaeology of a Focal Resource : Dietary Importance of Beluga Whales to the Precontact Mackenzie Inuit
title_fullStr Zooarchaeology of a Focal Resource : Dietary Importance of Beluga Whales to the Precontact Mackenzie Inuit
title_full_unstemmed Zooarchaeology of a Focal Resource : Dietary Importance of Beluga Whales to the Precontact Mackenzie Inuit
title_short Zooarchaeology of a Focal Resource : Dietary Importance of Beluga Whales to the Precontact Mackenzie Inuit
title_sort zooarchaeology of a focal resource : dietary importance of beluga whales to the precontact mackenzie inuit
topic Animals
Beluga whales
Food
Inuit archaeology
Mackenzie Eskimos
Predation
Subsistence
Kugmallit Bay region
N.W.T
Mackenzie Delta
topic_facet Animals
Beluga whales
Food
Inuit archaeology
Mackenzie Eskimos
Predation
Subsistence
Kugmallit Bay region
N.W.T
Mackenzie Delta
url https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64276