Heightened Resolution in Wildlife Health Monitoring and Outbreak Investigations through the Use of Molecular and Genomic Tools
Wildlife health monitoring and outbreak investigations are essential for understanding effects of disease on population dynamics. Furthermore, they are important for determining the distribution and diversity of pathogens that could influence conservation efforts or livestock or human health, and th...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11023/2420 https://doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/26349 |
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ftunivcalgary:oai:prism.ucalgary.ca:11023/2420 2023-08-27T04:03:42+02:00 Heightened Resolution in Wildlife Health Monitoring and Outbreak Investigations through the Use of Molecular and Genomic Tools Forde, Taya Linden Orsel, Karin 2015 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11023/2420 https://doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/26349 eng eng Graduate Studies Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Forde, T. L. (2015). Heightened Resolution in Wildlife Health Monitoring and Outbreak Investigations through the Use of Molecular and Genomic Tools (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/26349 http://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/26349 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/2420 University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Biology--Molecular Veterinary Science wildlife Health Monitoring ungulate Mycobacterium Erysipelothrix Genomics Molecular doctoral thesis 2015 ftunivcalgary https://doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/26349 2023-08-06T06:23:19Z Wildlife health monitoring and outbreak investigations are essential for understanding effects of disease on population dynamics. Furthermore, they are important for determining the distribution and diversity of pathogens that could influence conservation efforts or livestock or human health, and they provide baseline information for evaluating the impacts of anthropogenic changes on ecosystem health. Molecular and genomic tools can greatly enhance detection and genetic characterization of pathogens in wildlife populations. This thesis comprises three parts that explore the use of molecular tools of varying complexity for addressing particular monitoring objectives, using bacterial pathogens of wild ungulates as examples. In Part 1, polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the herd-level infection status of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in Canadian wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) in the absence of successful bacterial culture, thereby providing important data for translocation decisions. In Part 2, pathogen transmission at the wildlife-livestock interface was examined using genotyping. The detection of multiple MAP genotypes in a Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) population in an area of southwestern Alberta where beef cattle are grazed was an impetus to investigate whether strain sharing of MAP was occurring between these sympatric species. Finally, in Part 3, whole-genome sequencing was used to examine the diversity of the poorly characterized multi-host pathogen Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Initially prompted by an investigation into large-scale muskox (Ovibos moschatus wardi) mortalities in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago associated with E. rhusiopathiae, the population structure and genomic variability of this bacterium were determined, while accounting for homologous recombination. This provided a framework within which to investigate the diversity of E. rhusiopathiae in muskoxen, caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) and moose (Alces alces), ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Alces alces Arctic Archipelago Arctic Bison bison athabascae Canadian Arctic Archipelago Human health Moose muskox ovibos moschatus Rangifer tarandus Wood Bison Bison bison bison PRISM - University of Calgary Digital Repository Arctic Canadian Arctic Archipelago |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PRISM - University of Calgary Digital Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivcalgary |
language |
English |
topic |
Biology--Molecular Veterinary Science wildlife Health Monitoring ungulate Mycobacterium Erysipelothrix Genomics Molecular |
spellingShingle |
Biology--Molecular Veterinary Science wildlife Health Monitoring ungulate Mycobacterium Erysipelothrix Genomics Molecular Forde, Taya Linden Heightened Resolution in Wildlife Health Monitoring and Outbreak Investigations through the Use of Molecular and Genomic Tools |
topic_facet |
Biology--Molecular Veterinary Science wildlife Health Monitoring ungulate Mycobacterium Erysipelothrix Genomics Molecular |
description |
Wildlife health monitoring and outbreak investigations are essential for understanding effects of disease on population dynamics. Furthermore, they are important for determining the distribution and diversity of pathogens that could influence conservation efforts or livestock or human health, and they provide baseline information for evaluating the impacts of anthropogenic changes on ecosystem health. Molecular and genomic tools can greatly enhance detection and genetic characterization of pathogens in wildlife populations. This thesis comprises three parts that explore the use of molecular tools of varying complexity for addressing particular monitoring objectives, using bacterial pathogens of wild ungulates as examples. In Part 1, polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the herd-level infection status of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in Canadian wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) in the absence of successful bacterial culture, thereby providing important data for translocation decisions. In Part 2, pathogen transmission at the wildlife-livestock interface was examined using genotyping. The detection of multiple MAP genotypes in a Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) population in an area of southwestern Alberta where beef cattle are grazed was an impetus to investigate whether strain sharing of MAP was occurring between these sympatric species. Finally, in Part 3, whole-genome sequencing was used to examine the diversity of the poorly characterized multi-host pathogen Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Initially prompted by an investigation into large-scale muskox (Ovibos moschatus wardi) mortalities in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago associated with E. rhusiopathiae, the population structure and genomic variability of this bacterium were determined, while accounting for homologous recombination. This provided a framework within which to investigate the diversity of E. rhusiopathiae in muskoxen, caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) and moose (Alces alces), ... |
author2 |
Orsel, Karin |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Forde, Taya Linden |
author_facet |
Forde, Taya Linden |
author_sort |
Forde, Taya Linden |
title |
Heightened Resolution in Wildlife Health Monitoring and Outbreak Investigations through the Use of Molecular and Genomic Tools |
title_short |
Heightened Resolution in Wildlife Health Monitoring and Outbreak Investigations through the Use of Molecular and Genomic Tools |
title_full |
Heightened Resolution in Wildlife Health Monitoring and Outbreak Investigations through the Use of Molecular and Genomic Tools |
title_fullStr |
Heightened Resolution in Wildlife Health Monitoring and Outbreak Investigations through the Use of Molecular and Genomic Tools |
title_full_unstemmed |
Heightened Resolution in Wildlife Health Monitoring and Outbreak Investigations through the Use of Molecular and Genomic Tools |
title_sort |
heightened resolution in wildlife health monitoring and outbreak investigations through the use of molecular and genomic tools |
publisher |
Graduate Studies |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11023/2420 https://doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/26349 |
geographic |
Arctic Canadian Arctic Archipelago |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canadian Arctic Archipelago |
genre |
Alces alces Arctic Archipelago Arctic Bison bison athabascae Canadian Arctic Archipelago Human health Moose muskox ovibos moschatus Rangifer tarandus Wood Bison Bison bison bison |
genre_facet |
Alces alces Arctic Archipelago Arctic Bison bison athabascae Canadian Arctic Archipelago Human health Moose muskox ovibos moschatus Rangifer tarandus Wood Bison Bison bison bison |
op_relation |
Forde, T. L. (2015). Heightened Resolution in Wildlife Health Monitoring and Outbreak Investigations through the Use of Molecular and Genomic Tools (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/26349 http://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/26349 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/2420 |
op_rights |
University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/26349 |
_version_ |
1775357465755385856 |