Sources and fluxes of dissolved iron in the Bellingshausen Sea (West Antarctica): The importance of sea ice, icebergs and the continental margin
This study was conducted to estimate the potential for natural iron fertilization in the Bellingshausen Sea, a remote region in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Seawater samples were collected during early austral spring 2007 near the continental margin, in the wake of an iceberg and near P...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | French |
Published: |
2015
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/219717 https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/219717/3/Elsevier_203344.pdf |
id |
ftunivbruxelles:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/219717 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivbruxelles:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/219717 2023-08-27T04:05:45+02:00 Sources and fluxes of dissolved iron in the Bellingshausen Sea (West Antarctica): The importance of sea ice, icebergs and the continental margin De Jong, Jeroen Stammerjohn, S.E. Ackley, Stephen S.F. Tison, Jean-Louis Mattielli, Nadine Schoemann, Véronique 2015 1 full-text file(s): application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/219717 https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/219717/3/Elsevier_203344.pdf fr fre uri/info:doi/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.08.004 uri/info:pii/S0304420315300311 uri/info:scp/84947493742 https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/219717/3/Elsevier_203344.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/219717 1 full-text file(s): info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Marine chemistry Sciences exactes et naturelles Sciences de la terre et du cosmos Bellingshausen Sea Continental margin Icebergs Iron Sea ice Seawater Southern Ocean info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:ulb-repo/semantics/articlePeerReview info:ulb-repo/semantics/openurl/article 2015 ftunivbruxelles 2023-08-09T22:23:11Z This study was conducted to estimate the potential for natural iron fertilization in the Bellingshausen Sea, a remote region in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Seawater samples were collected during early austral spring 2007 near the continental margin, in the wake of an iceberg and near Peter I Island in order to identify and quantify Fe sources to the upper ocean. We concomitantly collected sea ice cores for Fe analysis during a time series sampling program on an ice floe. Looking at the upper 200m, our seawater data together with other published data suggest a large-scale exponential meridional decrease of DFe concentrations with increasing distance from the coastline noticeable up to 1400km to the north into the ACC. From this DFe gradient we estimated DFe fluxes into the upper mixed layer of the Bellingshausen Sea using a simple one-dimensional horizontal and vertical diffusion/advection model. We also estimated the melting input from sea ice and icebergs. DFe fluxes were compared for three biogeochemical provinces: ice covered continental shelf, marginal ice zone near the continental margin, and the open ocean. Fe in sea ice decreased with time enabling us to estimate a melt flux of 0.3μmol/m2/d DFe. We found that going from the continental shelf to the open ocean the dominant Fe fluxes gradually change from horizontal advection on the continental shelf (54% of a total DFe flux of 7.6±5.0μmol/m2/d) via sea ice melt in the pack ice near the continental margin (56% of a total DFe flux of 0.55±0.18μmol/m2/d) to vertical advection (58% of a total DFe flux of 0.038±0.027μmol/m2/d) in the ice free open ocean. A significant DFe flux of 0.6μmol/m2/d was estimated for iceberg melting, but this flux took place below the upper mixed layer and was not taken into further account. Fueling the high horizontal flux on the continental shelf is likely benthic diffusion and sediment resuspension. This is indicated by enhanced total dissolvable Fe (TD-Fe) and dissolved Fe (DFe) in the upper 200m close to Peter I ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Bellingshausen Sea Peter I Island Sea ice Southern Ocean West Antarctica DI-fusion : dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Southern Ocean Austral West Antarctica Bellingshausen Sea Pacific Peter I Island ENVELOPE(-90.583,-90.583,-68.783,-68.783) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DI-fusion : dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbruxelles |
language |
French |
topic |
Sciences exactes et naturelles Sciences de la terre et du cosmos Bellingshausen Sea Continental margin Icebergs Iron Sea ice Seawater Southern Ocean |
spellingShingle |
Sciences exactes et naturelles Sciences de la terre et du cosmos Bellingshausen Sea Continental margin Icebergs Iron Sea ice Seawater Southern Ocean De Jong, Jeroen Stammerjohn, S.E. Ackley, Stephen S.F. Tison, Jean-Louis Mattielli, Nadine Schoemann, Véronique Sources and fluxes of dissolved iron in the Bellingshausen Sea (West Antarctica): The importance of sea ice, icebergs and the continental margin |
topic_facet |
Sciences exactes et naturelles Sciences de la terre et du cosmos Bellingshausen Sea Continental margin Icebergs Iron Sea ice Seawater Southern Ocean |
description |
This study was conducted to estimate the potential for natural iron fertilization in the Bellingshausen Sea, a remote region in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Seawater samples were collected during early austral spring 2007 near the continental margin, in the wake of an iceberg and near Peter I Island in order to identify and quantify Fe sources to the upper ocean. We concomitantly collected sea ice cores for Fe analysis during a time series sampling program on an ice floe. Looking at the upper 200m, our seawater data together with other published data suggest a large-scale exponential meridional decrease of DFe concentrations with increasing distance from the coastline noticeable up to 1400km to the north into the ACC. From this DFe gradient we estimated DFe fluxes into the upper mixed layer of the Bellingshausen Sea using a simple one-dimensional horizontal and vertical diffusion/advection model. We also estimated the melting input from sea ice and icebergs. DFe fluxes were compared for three biogeochemical provinces: ice covered continental shelf, marginal ice zone near the continental margin, and the open ocean. Fe in sea ice decreased with time enabling us to estimate a melt flux of 0.3μmol/m2/d DFe. We found that going from the continental shelf to the open ocean the dominant Fe fluxes gradually change from horizontal advection on the continental shelf (54% of a total DFe flux of 7.6±5.0μmol/m2/d) via sea ice melt in the pack ice near the continental margin (56% of a total DFe flux of 0.55±0.18μmol/m2/d) to vertical advection (58% of a total DFe flux of 0.038±0.027μmol/m2/d) in the ice free open ocean. A significant DFe flux of 0.6μmol/m2/d was estimated for iceberg melting, but this flux took place below the upper mixed layer and was not taken into further account. Fueling the high horizontal flux on the continental shelf is likely benthic diffusion and sediment resuspension. This is indicated by enhanced total dissolvable Fe (TD-Fe) and dissolved Fe (DFe) in the upper 200m close to Peter I ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
De Jong, Jeroen Stammerjohn, S.E. Ackley, Stephen S.F. Tison, Jean-Louis Mattielli, Nadine Schoemann, Véronique |
author_facet |
De Jong, Jeroen Stammerjohn, S.E. Ackley, Stephen S.F. Tison, Jean-Louis Mattielli, Nadine Schoemann, Véronique |
author_sort |
De Jong, Jeroen |
title |
Sources and fluxes of dissolved iron in the Bellingshausen Sea (West Antarctica): The importance of sea ice, icebergs and the continental margin |
title_short |
Sources and fluxes of dissolved iron in the Bellingshausen Sea (West Antarctica): The importance of sea ice, icebergs and the continental margin |
title_full |
Sources and fluxes of dissolved iron in the Bellingshausen Sea (West Antarctica): The importance of sea ice, icebergs and the continental margin |
title_fullStr |
Sources and fluxes of dissolved iron in the Bellingshausen Sea (West Antarctica): The importance of sea ice, icebergs and the continental margin |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sources and fluxes of dissolved iron in the Bellingshausen Sea (West Antarctica): The importance of sea ice, icebergs and the continental margin |
title_sort |
sources and fluxes of dissolved iron in the bellingshausen sea (west antarctica): the importance of sea ice, icebergs and the continental margin |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/219717 https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/219717/3/Elsevier_203344.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-90.583,-90.583,-68.783,-68.783) |
geographic |
Southern Ocean Austral West Antarctica Bellingshausen Sea Pacific Peter I Island |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean Austral West Antarctica Bellingshausen Sea Pacific Peter I Island |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Bellingshausen Sea Peter I Island Sea ice Southern Ocean West Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Bellingshausen Sea Peter I Island Sea ice Southern Ocean West Antarctica |
op_source |
Marine chemistry |
op_relation |
uri/info:doi/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.08.004 uri/info:pii/S0304420315300311 uri/info:scp/84947493742 https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/219717/3/Elsevier_203344.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/219717 |
op_rights |
1 full-text file(s): info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
_version_ |
1775357499169308672 |