Experimental manipulation of stream gravel characteristics related to early survival in pink and chum salmon and to fish-forestry problems in the Queen Charlotte Islands of British Columbia
Tandem V-shaped gabion weirs for improving spawning habitat for pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum salmon (O. keta) in landslide - damaged streams were installed and examined in Sachs Creek, Queen Charlotte Islands. Spawner utilization, egg survival, as well as stability and quality of gravels e...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Thesis |
Language: | English |
Published: |
University of British Columbia
1984
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24708 |
id |
ftunivbritcolcir:oai:circle.library.ubc.ca:2429/24708 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivbritcolcir:oai:circle.library.ubc.ca:2429/24708 2023-05-15T17:52:53+02:00 Experimental manipulation of stream gravel characteristics related to early survival in pink and chum salmon and to fish-forestry problems in the Queen Charlotte Islands of British Columbia Klassen, Herbert David 1984 http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24708 eng eng University of British Columbia For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use. Text Thesis/Dissertation 1984 ftunivbritcolcir 2019-10-15T17:57:18Z Tandem V-shaped gabion weirs for improving spawning habitat for pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum salmon (O. keta) in landslide - damaged streams were installed and examined in Sachs Creek, Queen Charlotte Islands. Spawner utilization, egg survival, as well as stability and quality of gravels entrapped by the structures were compared to that of natural control sites. Two gabion sites at 1% slope gradient attracted moderate spawner usage within weeks of installation; a third gabion site at a 3% slope gradient was beyond the upstream limit of pink and chum salmon but was utilized by coho (O. kisutch) spawners. Pink salmon egg survival appeared high in the first autumn-winter season after installation (ca. 11% to the "eyed" stage) with improvement anticipated as the gabion sites undergo natural stabilization of streambed configurations. Gravel stability at all 3 gabion sites was poor over the first winter, and excessive scour threatened the integrity of the upstream, steeper slope gabion site within 1 year. However, the 2 gabion sites at 1% slope gradient successfully stabilized gravel over their second season of stormflows through local reductions in streambed slope gradients. The effects of gabions on gravel composition and intragravel permeability were variable. Demonstrated improvements in intragravel dissolved oxygen probably resulted from channel "roughness" added by the gabions. Intragravel dissolved oxygen had a significant (p<.05) positive correlation with egg survival. High juvenile coho and steelhead (Salmo gairdneri) densities at the gabion sites (average 1.6 / m² compared to 0.9 / m² at control sites) indicated high quality rearing habitat as an additional benefit. Achievement of cost effectiveness (recovery of construction costs through increases in returning adult pink salmon) was attainable in gabion sites well utilized by spawners. The stability in streambed configurations provided by gabions in their second year would be useful in rehabilitating low gradient reaches of streams damaged by landslides. Recommendations for gabion installation included restriction to downstream reaches at <2% slope gradient where moderate to heavy spawner usage would occur. Forestry, Faculty of Graduate Thesis Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Pink salmon University of British Columbia: cIRcle - UBC's Information Repository Keta ENVELOPE(-19.455,-19.455,65.656,65.656) Queen Charlotte ENVELOPE(-132.088,-132.088,53.255,53.255) Sachs Creek ENVELOPE(-131.984,-131.984,53.214,53.214) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of British Columbia: cIRcle - UBC's Information Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbritcolcir |
language |
English |
description |
Tandem V-shaped gabion weirs for improving spawning habitat for pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum salmon (O. keta) in landslide - damaged streams were installed and examined in Sachs Creek, Queen Charlotte Islands. Spawner utilization, egg survival, as well as stability and quality of gravels entrapped by the structures were compared to that of natural control sites. Two gabion sites at 1% slope gradient attracted moderate spawner usage within weeks of installation; a third gabion site at a 3% slope gradient was beyond the upstream limit of pink and chum salmon but was utilized by coho (O. kisutch) spawners. Pink salmon egg survival appeared high in the first autumn-winter season after installation (ca. 11% to the "eyed" stage) with improvement anticipated as the gabion sites undergo natural stabilization of streambed configurations. Gravel stability at all 3 gabion sites was poor over the first winter, and excessive scour threatened the integrity of the upstream, steeper slope gabion site within 1 year. However, the 2 gabion sites at 1% slope gradient successfully stabilized gravel over their second season of stormflows through local reductions in streambed slope gradients. The effects of gabions on gravel composition and intragravel permeability were variable. Demonstrated improvements in intragravel dissolved oxygen probably resulted from channel "roughness" added by the gabions. Intragravel dissolved oxygen had a significant (p<.05) positive correlation with egg survival. High juvenile coho and steelhead (Salmo gairdneri) densities at the gabion sites (average 1.6 / m² compared to 0.9 / m² at control sites) indicated high quality rearing habitat as an additional benefit. Achievement of cost effectiveness (recovery of construction costs through increases in returning adult pink salmon) was attainable in gabion sites well utilized by spawners. The stability in streambed configurations provided by gabions in their second year would be useful in rehabilitating low gradient reaches of streams damaged by landslides. Recommendations for gabion installation included restriction to downstream reaches at <2% slope gradient where moderate to heavy spawner usage would occur. Forestry, Faculty of Graduate |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Klassen, Herbert David |
spellingShingle |
Klassen, Herbert David Experimental manipulation of stream gravel characteristics related to early survival in pink and chum salmon and to fish-forestry problems in the Queen Charlotte Islands of British Columbia |
author_facet |
Klassen, Herbert David |
author_sort |
Klassen, Herbert David |
title |
Experimental manipulation of stream gravel characteristics related to early survival in pink and chum salmon and to fish-forestry problems in the Queen Charlotte Islands of British Columbia |
title_short |
Experimental manipulation of stream gravel characteristics related to early survival in pink and chum salmon and to fish-forestry problems in the Queen Charlotte Islands of British Columbia |
title_full |
Experimental manipulation of stream gravel characteristics related to early survival in pink and chum salmon and to fish-forestry problems in the Queen Charlotte Islands of British Columbia |
title_fullStr |
Experimental manipulation of stream gravel characteristics related to early survival in pink and chum salmon and to fish-forestry problems in the Queen Charlotte Islands of British Columbia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Experimental manipulation of stream gravel characteristics related to early survival in pink and chum salmon and to fish-forestry problems in the Queen Charlotte Islands of British Columbia |
title_sort |
experimental manipulation of stream gravel characteristics related to early survival in pink and chum salmon and to fish-forestry problems in the queen charlotte islands of british columbia |
publisher |
University of British Columbia |
publishDate |
1984 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24708 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-19.455,-19.455,65.656,65.656) ENVELOPE(-132.088,-132.088,53.255,53.255) ENVELOPE(-131.984,-131.984,53.214,53.214) |
geographic |
Keta Queen Charlotte Sachs Creek |
geographic_facet |
Keta Queen Charlotte Sachs Creek |
genre |
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Pink salmon |
genre_facet |
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Pink salmon |
op_rights |
For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use. |
_version_ |
1766160636174139392 |