Functioning of Arctic and sub-Arctic shallow benthic ecosystems in highly-stratified coastal systems
Under climate change, Arctic and sub-Arctic Coastal Systems expérience one of the largest increases in stratification at the global scale due to warming and/or freshening of their surface waters. However, the subséquent impacts of these environmental changes on the functioning of Coastal benthic eco...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Other Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | English |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2020
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863/file/These-2020-SML-Ecologie_marine-BRIDIER_Guillaume.pdf |
id |
ftunivbrest:oai:HAL:tel-03588863v1 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Université de Bretagne Occidentale: HAL |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbrest |
language |
English |
topic |
Benthic macrofauna Stratification Food webs Shallow Coastal ecosystems High-Arctic Sub-Arctic Macrofaune benthique Réseaux trophiques Ecosystèmes côtiers peu profonds Haut-Arctique Sub-Arctique [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Ecosystems |
spellingShingle |
Benthic macrofauna Stratification Food webs Shallow Coastal ecosystems High-Arctic Sub-Arctic Macrofaune benthique Réseaux trophiques Ecosystèmes côtiers peu profonds Haut-Arctique Sub-Arctique [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Ecosystems Bridier, Guillaume Functioning of Arctic and sub-Arctic shallow benthic ecosystems in highly-stratified coastal systems |
topic_facet |
Benthic macrofauna Stratification Food webs Shallow Coastal ecosystems High-Arctic Sub-Arctic Macrofaune benthique Réseaux trophiques Ecosystèmes côtiers peu profonds Haut-Arctique Sub-Arctique [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Ecosystems |
description |
Under climate change, Arctic and sub-Arctic Coastal Systems expérience one of the largest increases in stratification at the global scale due to warming and/or freshening of their surface waters. However, the subséquent impacts of these environmental changes on the functioning of Coastal benthic ecosystems is still poorly understood. This thesis aims to study how future increases in stratification in these ecosystems could affect the organic matter quality, pelagic-benthic coupling intensity and benthic food web structures. Two Coastal Systems subject to strong seasonal variations in sea surface température and salinity were studied: a high- arctic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland) characterized by strong haline stratification and a sub-Arctic archipelago (Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Newfoundland continental shelf) exposed to strong thermal stratification. In the first part of this PhD we show that strong stratification reduces the quality of pelagic organic matter sources and intensity of organic matter transfers from surface waters toward the benthic compartiment. On the other hand, no impact was observed on the quality of benthic organic matter sources. In the second part we show that stratification does not alter benthic food web structures thanks to the high trophic plasticity of primary consumers and high levels of omnivory in the community. In addition, benthic primary production in Coastal environment could potentially provide an alternative source of organic matter to pelagic primary production for primary consumers during high stratification conditions. Through these results, we propose several conceptual models describing the potential évolutions of these ecosystems under climate change and we show the importance of considering the singularity of coastal ecosystems as well as their small-scale spatial variations. Face au changement climatique, les systèmes côtiers Arctiques et sub-Arctiques subissent l’une des plus fortes augmentions de stratification à l’échelle de la planète en raison d’un ... |
author2 |
Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest Laurent Chauvaud |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Bridier, Guillaume |
author_facet |
Bridier, Guillaume |
author_sort |
Bridier, Guillaume |
title |
Functioning of Arctic and sub-Arctic shallow benthic ecosystems in highly-stratified coastal systems |
title_short |
Functioning of Arctic and sub-Arctic shallow benthic ecosystems in highly-stratified coastal systems |
title_full |
Functioning of Arctic and sub-Arctic shallow benthic ecosystems in highly-stratified coastal systems |
title_fullStr |
Functioning of Arctic and sub-Arctic shallow benthic ecosystems in highly-stratified coastal systems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Functioning of Arctic and sub-Arctic shallow benthic ecosystems in highly-stratified coastal systems |
title_sort |
functioning of arctic and sub-arctic shallow benthic ecosystems in highly-stratified coastal systems |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863/file/These-2020-SML-Ecologie_marine-BRIDIER_Guillaume.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Archipelago Arctic Arctique* Climate change Greenland Newfoundland |
genre_facet |
Arctic Archipelago Arctic Arctique* Climate change Greenland Newfoundland |
op_source |
https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863 Ecosystems. Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2020. English. ⟨NNT : 2020BRES0090⟩ |
op_relation |
NNT: 2020BRES0090 tel-03588863 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863/file/These-2020-SML-Ecologie_marine-BRIDIER_Guillaume.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1790595551775948800 |
spelling |
ftunivbrest:oai:HAL:tel-03588863v1 2024-02-11T09:59:48+01:00 Functioning of Arctic and sub-Arctic shallow benthic ecosystems in highly-stratified coastal systems Fonctionnement des écosystèmes benthiques peu profonds Arctiques et sub-Arctiques en système côtier hautement stratifié Bridier, Guillaume Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest Laurent Chauvaud 2020-12-16 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863/file/These-2020-SML-Ecologie_marine-BRIDIER_Guillaume.pdf en eng HAL CCSD NNT: 2020BRES0090 tel-03588863 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863 https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863/file/These-2020-SML-Ecologie_marine-BRIDIER_Guillaume.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess https://theses.hal.science/tel-03588863 Ecosystems. Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2020. English. ⟨NNT : 2020BRES0090⟩ Benthic macrofauna Stratification Food webs Shallow Coastal ecosystems High-Arctic Sub-Arctic Macrofaune benthique Réseaux trophiques Ecosystèmes côtiers peu profonds Haut-Arctique Sub-Arctique [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Ecosystems info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis Theses 2020 ftunivbrest 2024-01-23T23:38:43Z Under climate change, Arctic and sub-Arctic Coastal Systems expérience one of the largest increases in stratification at the global scale due to warming and/or freshening of their surface waters. However, the subséquent impacts of these environmental changes on the functioning of Coastal benthic ecosystems is still poorly understood. This thesis aims to study how future increases in stratification in these ecosystems could affect the organic matter quality, pelagic-benthic coupling intensity and benthic food web structures. Two Coastal Systems subject to strong seasonal variations in sea surface température and salinity were studied: a high- arctic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland) characterized by strong haline stratification and a sub-Arctic archipelago (Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Newfoundland continental shelf) exposed to strong thermal stratification. In the first part of this PhD we show that strong stratification reduces the quality of pelagic organic matter sources and intensity of organic matter transfers from surface waters toward the benthic compartiment. On the other hand, no impact was observed on the quality of benthic organic matter sources. In the second part we show that stratification does not alter benthic food web structures thanks to the high trophic plasticity of primary consumers and high levels of omnivory in the community. In addition, benthic primary production in Coastal environment could potentially provide an alternative source of organic matter to pelagic primary production for primary consumers during high stratification conditions. Through these results, we propose several conceptual models describing the potential évolutions of these ecosystems under climate change and we show the importance of considering the singularity of coastal ecosystems as well as their small-scale spatial variations. Face au changement climatique, les systèmes côtiers Arctiques et sub-Arctiques subissent l’une des plus fortes augmentions de stratification à l’échelle de la planète en raison d’un ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Arctic Archipelago Arctic Arctique* Climate change Greenland Newfoundland Université de Bretagne Occidentale: HAL Arctic Greenland |